Nitrogen Application Can Optimize Form of Selenium in Soil in Selenium-Rich Areas to Affect Selenium Absorption and Accumulation in Black Wheat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Changes in Environmental Characteristics in 0–100 cm Soil Layer of Selenium-Rich Soil under Different Nitrogen Application Rates
2.2. Differences in Selenium Concentration Enrichment Factor (CEF) Values in 0–100 cm Layer of Selenium-Rich Soil under Different Nitrogen Application Rates
2.3. Differences in Soil Selenium Mobility (MF) and Forms of Selenium under Different Nitrogen Application Rates
2.4. Changes in Selenium Absorption and Transport in Black Wheat Plants under Different Nitrogen Application Rates
2.5. Comprehensive Path Analysis Based on Soil Selenium Contents, Nitrogen Application Rate, and Black Wheat Responses
2.6. Effects of Sodium Selenite Solution on Glutathione (GSH), Total Antioxidant Capacity (T-AOC), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Contents of Black Wheat Seedlings
3. Discussion
3.1. Effects of Environmental Factors on Soil Total Selenium Content and MF in Vertical Distribution of Soil
3.2. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Form of Soil Selenium
3.3. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Selenium Translocation and Distribution in Organs of Black Wheat
3.4. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Selenium Accumulation in Surface Soil and Grain
3.5. Effects of Nitrogen Application on Selenium Accumulation in Soil Plow Layer and Grain
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Area
4.2. Experimental Method
4.3. Sampling and Chemical Analysis
4.4. Data Analysis
4.4.1. Plant Selenium Transport Factor (TF) and Bioconcentration Factor (BCF)
4.4.2. Soil Concentration Enrichment Factor (CEF)
4.4.3. Mobility Factor (MF)
4.4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N Application Rate | Soil Layer | Olsen-P | pH | Moisture | TOC | Alkaline-N | Total Se |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(kg hm−2) | (cm) | (mg kg−1) | (%) | (g kg−1) | (mg kg−1) | (μg kg−1) | |
N0 | 0–20 | 56.82 | 7.53 | 10.11 | 18.18 | 67.67 | 723.06 |
20–40 | 42.27 | 7.57 | 9.67 | 14.78 | 46.67 | 647.77 | |
40–60 | 18.28 | 7.58 | 10.03 | 9.31 | 51.33 | 810.15 | |
60–80 | 3.26 | 7.54 | 10.88 | 5.11 | 46.67 | 491.36 | |
80–100 | 1.61 | 7.44 | 11.02 | 2.53 | 30.33 | 201.56 | |
N144 | 0–20 | 66.28 | 7.54 | 9.90 | 18.42 | 77.00 | 825.95 |
20–40 | 34.12 | 7.56 | 8.78 | 15.93 | 72.33 | 754.04 | |
40–60 | 18.18 | 7.60 | 7.22 | 12.47 | 65.33 | 673.14 | |
60–80 | 2.99 | 7.52 | 7.94 | 11.22 | 53.67 | 642.60 | |
80–100 | 2.44 | 7.50 | 7.08 | 4.29 | 37.33 | 317.20 | |
N168 | 0–20 | 67.23 | 7.57 | 9.26 | 10.53 | 81.67 | 734.12 |
20–40 | 40.37 | 7.55 | 10.15 | 9.36 | 46.67 | 651.35 | |
40–60 | 13.37 | 7.57 | 10.25 | 6.05 | 35.00 | 284.10 | |
60–80 | 4.08 | 7.53 | 10.26 | 4.00 | 30.33 | 216.20 | |
80–100 | 2.86 | 7.55 | 9.62 | 3.19 | 32.67 | 159.62 | |
N192 | 0–20 | 59.91 | 7.02 | 10.32 | 12.44 | 86.33 | 558.47 |
20–40 | 28.00 | 7.12 | 10.07 | 9.94 | 65.33 | 341.56 | |
40–60 | 12.87 | 7.15 | 9.30 | 7.49 | 44.33 | 263.30 | |
60–80 | 2.50 | 7.25 | 10.82 | 4.48 | 32.67 | 256.23 | |
80–100 | 1.97 | 7.34 | 9.23 | 2.86 | 21.00 | 194.88 | |
N216 | 0–20 | 60.06 | 7.27 | 10.75 | 13.39 | 93.33 | 386.62 |
20–40 | 36.94 | 7.36 | 9.71 | 9.35 | 65.33 | 362.26 | |
40–60 | 15.71 | 7.44 | 9.76 | 6.96 | 39.67 | 313.55 | |
60–80 | 1.09 | 7.44 | 10.14 | 5.14 | 44.33 | 216.24 | |
80–100 | 2.36 | 7.46 | 9.51 | 5.39 | 53.67 | 320.36 | |
N240 | 0–20 | 59.88 | 7.34 | 9.06 | 18.96 | 102.67 | 470.41 |
20–40 | 44.05 | 7.38 | 9.81 | 13.42 | 84.00 | 418.48 | |
40–60 | 14.05 | 7.29 | 9.93 | 10.35 | 51.33 | 348.23 | |
60–80 | 2.03 | 7.44 | 11.08 | 8.34 | 28.00 | 347.45 | |
80–100 | 1.15 | 7.46 | 11.22 | 5.20 | 56.00 | 168.10 |
Nitrogen Application Rate | TFroot-stem | TFstem-leaf | TFstem-spike glume | TFleaf-spike glume | TFspike glume-grain | TFstem-grain | TFleaf-grain | BCFroot | BCFstem | BCFleaf | BCFspike glume | BCFgrain |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N0 | 0.17 | 1.95 | 1.68 | 0.86 | 3.35 | 5.62 | 2.89 | 0.226 | 0.039 | 0.075 | 0.065 | 0.218 |
N144 | 0.19 | 1.88 | 2.14 | 1.14 | 3.22 | 6.91 | 3.68 | 0.139 | 0.027 | 0.050 | 0.057 | 0.185 |
N168 | 0.08 | 5.14 | 3.20 | 0.62 | 3.17 | 10.14 | 1.97 | 0.122 | 0.009 | 0.048 | 0.030 | 0.095 |
N192 | 0.46 | 1.42 | 1.37 | 0.96 | 3.68 | 5.02 | 3.54 | 0.128 | 0.058 | 0.082 | 0.079 | 0.292 |
N216 | 0.11 | 6.03 | 3.05 | 0.51 | 3.29 | 10.05 | 1.67 | 0.170 | 0.018 | 0.109 | 0.055 | 0.181 |
N240 | 0.05 | 15.04 | 8.40 | 0.56 | 1.95 | 16.38 | 1.09 | 0.122 | 0.006 | 0.097 | 0.054 | 0.105 |
Soil Layer | Co | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | V | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Topsoil | 9.9 | 61.8 | 26.9 | 554 | 32 | 15.8 | 68.3 | 75.5 |
Subsoil | 10.8 | 61.5 | 28.3 | 573 | 33.7 | 18.1 | 70.6 | 71.9 |
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Kong, W.; Huo, R.; Lu, Y.; Fan, Z.; Yue, R.; Ren, A.; Li, L.; Ding, P.; Ren, Y.; Gao, Z.; et al. Nitrogen Application Can Optimize Form of Selenium in Soil in Selenium-Rich Areas to Affect Selenium Absorption and Accumulation in Black Wheat. Plants 2023, 12, 4160. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244160
Kong W, Huo R, Lu Y, Fan Z, Yue R, Ren A, Li L, Ding P, Ren Y, Gao Z, et al. Nitrogen Application Can Optimize Form of Selenium in Soil in Selenium-Rich Areas to Affect Selenium Absorption and Accumulation in Black Wheat. Plants. 2023; 12(24):4160. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244160
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Weilin, Ruiwen Huo, Yu Lu, Zhenjie Fan, Runqing Yue, Aixia Ren, Linghong Li, Pengcheng Ding, Yongkang Ren, Zhiqiang Gao, and et al. 2023. "Nitrogen Application Can Optimize Form of Selenium in Soil in Selenium-Rich Areas to Affect Selenium Absorption and Accumulation in Black Wheat" Plants 12, no. 24: 4160. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244160