Seed Priming with Nanoparticles and 24-Epibrassinolide Improved Seed Germination and Enzymatic Performance of Zea mays L. in Salt-Stressed Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Increase in Grain Fresh Weight
2.2. Imbibition Rate
2.3. α-Amylase Activity
2.4. Germination Characteristics
2.5. Daily Germination Performance
2.6. Ion Accumulation
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Material, Seed-Priming Treatments, Preparation of Saline Soil, and Experimental Design
4.2. Measurements
4.2.1. Soil Analysis before Sowing
4.2.2. Seed Water Uptake Pattern and Percentage Weight Increase
4.2.3. Imbibition Rate
4.2.4. α-Amylase Activity Assay
4.2.5. Germination Performance
Cumulative Germination Percentage
Daily Germination Response
Days to 50% Germination
Mean Germination Time (MGT) and Germination Energy (%) at the 4th Day (%)
4.2.6. Mineral Profiling of Primed Seeds
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Salinity | Treatment | Cumulative Germination (%) | Days to 50% Emergence (Days) | Mean Germination Time (Days) | Germination Energy (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (0 mM) | T1 | 91.33 de | 4.66 e | 5.08 de | 31.33 bc |
T2 | 91.67 c | 5.00 e | 5.22 d | 33.33 ab | |
T3 | 91.33 de | 4.67 e | 4.93 de | 36.67 ab | |
T4 | 92.67 bc | 4.33 e | 4.93 de | 39.33 a | |
T5 | 93.67 ab | 5.33 d | 5.10 de | 26.00 bc | |
T6 | 93.33 ab | 4.67 e | 5.31 d | 39.33 a | |
T7 | 94.67 a | 5.33 d | 5.07 de | 31.33 ab | |
T8 | 92.67 bc | 5.33 d | 5.38 d | 26.67 bc | |
T9 | 94.33 a | 5.33 d | 5.36 d | 30.67 bc | |
50 mM NaCl | T1 | 86.67 h | 6.33 c | 6.46 d | 6.00 ef |
T2 | 86.67 h | 6.00 c | 6.08 c | 14.00 d | |
T3 | 89.67 ef | 5.33 d | 5.62 d | 20.00 c | |
T4 | 88.67 fg | 5.33 d | 5.43 d | 27.33 bc | |
T5 | 90.67 de | 5.67 d | 5.63 d | 22.00 c | |
T6 | 91.67 c | 5.33 d | 5.55 d | 26.00 bc | |
T7 | 92.67 bc | 5.33 d | 5.46 d | 28.67 bc | |
T8 | 92.67 bc | 4.67 e | 4.90 de | 37.33 a | |
T9 | 93.33 ab | 5.67 d | 5.61 d | 29.33 bc | |
100 mM NaCl | T1 | 77.67 l | 8.67 a | 8.38 a | 1.33 ef |
T2 | 81.67 k | 6.67 c | 6.61 c | 6.67 e | |
T3 | 83.33 j | 5.67 d | 5.66 d | 20.67 c | |
T4 | 81.67 k | 7.33 b | 6.72 c | 3.33 ef | |
T5 | 86.33 h | 8.33 a | 7.38 b | 1.33 ef | |
T6 | 84.67 i | 7.00 b | 7.00 c | 4.67 ef | |
T7 | 86.67 h | 7.33 b | 7.54 b | 2.00 ef | |
T8 | 85.33 i | 5.67 d | 5.71 d | 21.33 c | |
T9 | 86.67 h | 6.33 c | 6.32 d | 14.00 d | |
SEM | 0.567 | 0.385 | 0.252 | 3.421 | |
p value | ** | ** | ** | ** |
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Alhammad, B.A.; Ahmad, A.; Seleiman, M.F.; Tola, E. Seed Priming with Nanoparticles and 24-Epibrassinolide Improved Seed Germination and Enzymatic Performance of Zea mays L. in Salt-Stressed Soil. Plants 2023, 12, 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040690
Alhammad BA, Ahmad A, Seleiman MF, Tola E. Seed Priming with Nanoparticles and 24-Epibrassinolide Improved Seed Germination and Enzymatic Performance of Zea mays L. in Salt-Stressed Soil. Plants. 2023; 12(4):690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040690
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlhammad, Bushra Ahmed, Awais Ahmad, Mahmoud F. Seleiman, and ElKamil Tola. 2023. "Seed Priming with Nanoparticles and 24-Epibrassinolide Improved Seed Germination and Enzymatic Performance of Zea mays L. in Salt-Stressed Soil" Plants 12, no. 4: 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040690