Production of New Biopesticides from Cymbopogon citratus for the Control of Coffee Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Composition of the Biopesticides Employed
2.2. Laboratory and Field Statistical Analysis
2.3. Spore Germination Behavior under Laboratory Conditions
2.4. Performance under Field Conditions
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Location of the Experimental Area in the Field
4.2. Field Experimental Design
4.3. Preparation of Biopesticides
4.4. Chromatographic Analysis of Biopesticides
4.5. Laboratory Tests
4.6. Field Trials
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FV 1 | GL 2 | Field | GL | Laboratory | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incidence (%) | Severity (%) | AUDPC 3 | GLight (%) | GDark (%) | |||
Biopesticides (B) | 4 | 3338 *** | 854 *** | 5 *** | 4 | 3 | 3 |
Concentration (C) | 3 | 56582 *** | 62370 *** | 4 *** | 3 | 4 *** | 5 *** |
Evaluation (E) | 3 | 15929 *** | 1010 *** | ||||
B × C | 12 | 485 *** | 191 *** | 2 *** | 12 | 2 | 2 |
B × E | 12 | 329 *** | 142 *** | ||||
C × E | 9 | 3381 *** | 1709 *** | ||||
B × C × E | 36 | 48 *** | 30 *** | ||||
Waste | 160 | 0.37 | 0.27 | 3 | 40 | 5 | 4 |
CV (%) | 1.39 | 1.99 | 1.31 | 26.75 | 16.03 |
Biopesticides/Concentration | I Week | II Week | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | |
Essential oil | 81.7 Aa | 39.7 Bc | 30.7 Cd | 26.7 Of | 86.77 Aa | 10.4 Be | 5.3 Cd | 1.0 Of |
Biol | 81.7 Aa | 78.3 Ba | 67.9 Cb | 49.2 Dc | 86.77 Aa | 63.4 Ba | 55.3 Ca | 35.4 Da |
Macerated | 81.7 Aa | 79.1 Ba | 69.2 Cab | 53.3 Db | 86.77 Aa | 49.0 Bd | 38.9 Cc | 28.7 Dc |
Hydrolat | 81.7 Aa | 79.6 Ba | 69.8 Ca | 54.9 Da | 86.77 Aa | 57.0 Bb | 45.6 Cb | 30.3 Db |
Infusion | 81.7 Aa | 75.5 Bb | 58.0 Cc | 45.7 Dd | 86.77 Aa | 55.4 Bc | 45.4 Cb | 21.6 Dd |
Biopesticides/Concentration | III Week | IV Week | ||||||
0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | |
Essential oil | 89.73 Aa | 1.0 Bd | 0.7 Be | 0.2 Bc | 95.67 Aa | 0.0 Bd | 0.0 Bd | 0.0 Bb |
Biol | 89.73 Aa | 37.8 Ba | 21.5 Ca | 14.7 Da | 95.67 Aa | 19.5 Ba | 9.8 Ca | 5.7 Da |
Macerated | 89.73 Aa | 22.7 Bc | 18.0 Cc | 7.8 Db | 95.67 Aa | 7.7 Bc | 1.7 Cc | 0.2 Db |
Hydrolat | 89.73 Aa | 31.1 Bb | 15.0 Cd | 8.9 Db | 95.67 Aa | 9.0 Bc | 4.4 Cb | 0.7 Db |
Infusion | 89.73 Aa | 31.2 Bb | 19.9 Cb | 8.3 Db | 95.67 Aa | 11.1 Bb | 3.7 Cb | 0.4 Db |
Biopesticides/Concentration | Concentration 0 | Concentration 15 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | |
Essential oil | 81.7 D | 86.8 C | 89.7 B | 95.7 A | 39.7 A | 10.4 B | 1.0 C | 0.0 C |
Biol | 81.7 D | 86.8 C | 89.7 B | 95.7 A | 78.3 A | 63.4 B | 37.8 C | 19.5 D |
Macerated | 81.7 D | 86.8 C | 89.7 B | 95.7 A | 79.1 A | 49.0 B | 22.7 C | 7.7 D |
Hydrolat | 81.7 D | 86.8 C | 89.7 B | 95.7 A | 79.6 A | 57.0 B | 31.1 C | 9.0 D |
Infusion | 81.7 D | 86.8 C | 89.7 B | 95.7 A | 75.5 A | 55.4 B | 31.2 C | 11.1 D |
Biopesticides/Concentration | Concentration 20 | Concentration 25 | ||||||
I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | |
Essential oil | 30.7 A | 5.3 B | 0.7 C | 0.0 C | 26.7 A | 1.0 B | 0.2 B | 0.0 B |
Biol | 67.9 A | 55.3 B | 21.5 C | 9.8 D | 49.2 A | 35.4 B | 14.7 C | 5.7 D |
Macerated | 69.2 A | 38.9 B | 18.0 C | 1.7 D | 53.3 A | 28.7 B | 7.8 C | 0.2 D |
Hydrolat | 69.8 A | 45,6 B | 15.0 C | 4.4 D | 54.9 A | 30.3 B | 8.9 C | 0.7 D |
Infusion | 58.0 A | 45.4 B | 19.9 C | 3.7 D | 45.7 A | 21.6 B | 8.3 C | 0.4 D |
Biopesticides/Concentration | I Week | II Week | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | |
Essential oil | 55.6 Aa | 5.0 Bc | 4.0 Bc | 2.0 Cc | 80.0 Aa | 2.0 Bc | 2.0 Bc | 0.0 Cc |
Biol | 55.6 Aa | 25.0 Bb | 25.0 Bb | 10.0 Cb | 80.0 Aa | 10.0 Bb | 10.0 Bb | 5.0 Cb |
Macerated | 55.6 Aa | 40 Ba | 40.0 Ba | 25.0 Ca | 80.0 Aa | 25.0 Ba | 25.0 Ba | 10.0 Ca |
Hydrolat | 55.6 Aa | 40 Ba | 25.0 Cb | 10.0 Db | 80.0 Aa | 25.0 Ba | 10.0 Cb | 5.0 Db |
Infusion | 55.6 Aa | 40 Ba | 25.0 Cb | 10.0 Db | 80.0 Aa | 25.0 Ba | 10.0 Cb | 5.0 Db |
Biopesticides/Concentration | III Week | IV Week | ||||||
0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 20 | 25 | |
Essential oil | 80.0 Aa | 0.0 Bc | 0.0 Bc | 0.0 Bc | 80.0 Aa | 0.0 Bc | 0.0 Bc | 0.0 Ba |
Biol | 80.0 Aa | 5.0 Bb | 5.0 Bb | 2.0 Cb | 80.0 Aa | 2.0 Bb | 2.0 Bb | 0.7 Ca |
Macerated | 80.0 Aa | 10.0 Ba | 8.3 Ca | 5.0 Da | 80.0 Aa | 5.0 Ba | 4.0 Ba | 0.7 Ca |
Hydrolat | 80.0 Aa | 10.0 Ba | 5.0 Cb | 2.0 Db | 80.0 Aa | 5.0 Ba | 2.0 Cb | 0.0 Da |
Infusion | 80.0 Aa | 10.0 Ba | 5.0 Cb | 3.0 Db | 80.0 Aa | 5.0 Ba | 2.0 Cb | 0.7 Da |
Biopesticides/Concentration | Concentration 0 | Concentration 15 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | |
Essential oil | 55.6 B | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 5.0 A | 2.0 B | 0.0 C | 0.0 C |
Biol | 55.6 B | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 25.0 A | 10.0 B | 5.0 C | 2.0 D |
Macerated | 55.6 B | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 40.0 A | 25.0 B | 10.0 C | 5.0 D |
Hydrolat | 55.6 B | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 40.0 A | 25.0 B | 10.0 C | 5.0 D |
Infusion | 55.6 B | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 80.0 A | 40.0 A | 25.0 B | 10.0 C | 5.0 D |
Biopesticides/Concentration | Concentration 20 | Concentration 25 | ||||||
I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | I Week | II Week | III Week | IV Week | |
Essential oil | 4.0 A | 2.0 B | 0.0 C | 0.0 C | 2.0 A | 0.0 B | 0.0 B | 0.0 B |
Biol | 25.0 A | 10.0 B | 5.0 C | 2.0 D | 10.0 A | 5.0 B | 2.0 C | 0.7 D |
Macerated | 40.0 A | 25.0 B | 8.3 C | 4.0 D | 25.0 A | 10.0 B | 5.0 C | 0.7 D |
Hydrolat | 25.0 A | 10.0 B | 5.0 C | 2.0 D | 10.0 A | 5.0 B | 2.0 C | 0.0 D |
Infusion | 25.0 A | 10.0 B | 5.0 C | 2.0 D | 10.0 A | 5.0 B | 3.0 C | 0.7 D |
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Morales-Aranibar, L.; Yucra, F.E.Y.; Estrada, N.M.P.; Flores, P.Q.; Zevallos, R.N.M.; Zegarra, J.C.L.; Trujillo, U.P.; Aranibar, C.G.M.; Gonzales, H.H.S.; Aguilera, J.G.; et al. Production of New Biopesticides from Cymbopogon citratus for the Control of Coffee Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) under Laboratory and Field Conditions. Plants 2023, 12, 1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051166
Morales-Aranibar L, Yucra FEY, Estrada NMP, Flores PQ, Zevallos RNM, Zegarra JCL, Trujillo UP, Aranibar CGM, Gonzales HHS, Aguilera JG, et al. Production of New Biopesticides from Cymbopogon citratus for the Control of Coffee Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) under Laboratory and Field Conditions. Plants. 2023; 12(5):1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051166
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorales-Aranibar, Luis, Francisca Elena Yucra Yucra, Nivia Marisol Pilares Estrada, Policarpo Quispe Flores, Renatto Nicolino Motta Zevallos, Juan Carlos Llanos Zegarra, Uriel Palomino Trujillo, Carlos Genaro Morales Aranibar, Hebert Hernán Soto Gonzales, Jorge González Aguilera, and et al. 2023. "Production of New Biopesticides from Cymbopogon citratus for the Control of Coffee Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) under Laboratory and Field Conditions" Plants 12, no. 5: 1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051166