Nano-Biochar Suspension Mediated Alterations in Growth, Physio-Biochemical Activities and Nutrient Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Vegetative Stage
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Growth Parameters
2.2. Biochemical Alterations
2.3. Physio-Biochemical Attributes
2.4. Nutrient Contents
2.5. Principal Component and Heatmap Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Design and Soil Analyses
4.2. Characterization of Nanobiochar Suspension
4.3. Estimation of Physio-Biochemical and Nutrient Contents at the Seedling Stages
4.4. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(a) | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Source | DF | SL | RL | FW | DW | NOL | NOT | LA | NRA | TFAA | TSP | T.Phen | TSSs | Flav | Chl.a | Chl.b | T.chl | Car |
Treatment | 3 | 53 *** | 3.07 *** | 2.05 ** | 0.15 * | 3.49 * | 0.08 ns | 89.94 *** | 1.97 ** | 1.36 ** | 0.64 ** | 1.007 *** | 0.68 ** | 0.52 *** | 0.137 ** | 0.022 * | 0.11 ** | 1.04 ** |
Error | 6 | 4.10 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.013 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.001 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.06 |
Total | 11 | |||||||||||||||||
(b) | ||||||||||||||||||
Source | DF | Na | K | P | N | Ca | Mg | |||||||||||
Treatment | 3 | 1.02 *** | 20.06 *** | 0.39 ** | 25.52 *** | 0.14 ** | 1.21 ** | |||||||||||
Error | 6 | 0.006 | 0.22 | 0.008 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.02 | |||||||||||
Total | 11 |
Soil Characteristics | Values |
---|---|
Physiological characters | |
Soil texture | Clay loam |
Chemical characters | |
Saturation percentage (%) | 40–41 |
ECe (dS m−1) | 1.7–1.9 |
pH | 7.5–7.8 |
Organic matter (%) | 0.5–0.7 |
Ca+Mg (meq L−1) | 2.6–4.8 |
CO3 (meq L−1) | Nil |
HCO3 (meq L−1) | 2.5–4.8 |
NO3-N (mg kg−1) | 3.5–4.5 |
Total nitrogen (g kg−1) | 0.4–0.5 |
Available K (mg kg−1) | 75–80 |
Available P (mg kg−1) | 1.5–2.8 |
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Shani, M.Y.; Ahmad, S.; Ashraf, M.Y.; Nawaz, M.; Arshad, I.; Anjum, A.; De Mastro, F.; Cocozza, C.; Khan, Z.; Gul, N.; et al. Nano-Biochar Suspension Mediated Alterations in Growth, Physio-Biochemical Activities and Nutrient Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Vegetative Stage. Plants 2024, 13, 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172347
Shani MY, Ahmad S, Ashraf MY, Nawaz M, Arshad I, Anjum A, De Mastro F, Cocozza C, Khan Z, Gul N, et al. Nano-Biochar Suspension Mediated Alterations in Growth, Physio-Biochemical Activities and Nutrient Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Vegetative Stage. Plants. 2024; 13(17):2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172347
Chicago/Turabian StyleShani, Muhammad Yousaf, Samia Ahmad, Muhammad Yasin Ashraf, Maria Nawaz, Iqra Arshad, Arslan Anjum, Francesco De Mastro, Claudio Cocozza, Zafran Khan, Nimra Gul, and et al. 2024. "Nano-Biochar Suspension Mediated Alterations in Growth, Physio-Biochemical Activities and Nutrient Content in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Vegetative Stage" Plants 13, no. 17: 2347. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172347