Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities, and In Vitro Insecticidal Potential of Origanum compactum (Benth.) Essential Oils
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Mineral Composition
2.2. Chemical Composition of Essential Oils
2.3. Toxicity Assessment
2.4. Antioxidant Properties
2.5. Enzyme Inhibitory Effects Activities
2.6. Correlation Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Insect Rearing
4.2. Plant Material
4.3. Plant Mineral Analysis
4.4. Essential Oil Isolation and GC-MS Analysis
4.5. Contact Toxicity Assessment
4.6. Antioxidant Activities
4.6.1. DPPH Assay
4.6.2. Reducing Power Determination (FRAP)
4.6.3. β-Carotene Bleaching Test
4.7. Enzyme Inhibitory Activities
4.7.1. AChE Inhibition
4.7.2. Tyrosinase Inhibition
4.7.3. α-Glucosidase Inhibition
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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OC1 | OC2 | OC3 | OC4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerial Part | Aerial Part | Aerial Part | Aerial Part | |||||
Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D | Mean | S.D | |
Al | 27.33 | 1.49 | 4.86 | 0.2 | 19.45 | 2.45 | 22.30 | 1.64 |
As | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
B | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.04 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.67 | 0.01 |
Ba | 0.19 | 0.02 | 0.39 | 0.11 | 0.82 | 0.19 | 0.69 | 0.01 |
Ca | 512.20 | 5.50 | 220.67 | 3.25 | 325.50 | 10.20 | 295.50 | 8.44 |
Cr | 0.11 | 0.01 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.67 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Cu | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.03 | 0.25 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.01 |
Fe | 112.60 | 2.20 | 79.50 | 1.80 | 59.70 | 5.40 | 43.55 | 1.22 |
K | 213.45 | 9.50 | 195.99 | 13.60 | 398.45 | 11.50 | 322.25 | 10.50 |
Mg | 98.45 | 2.20 | 65.50 | 4.20 | 77.60 | 6.37 | 59.70 | 3.50 |
Mn | 0.50 | 0.02 | 0.33 | 0.1 | 1.01 | 0.09 | 1.65 | 0.10 |
Na | 11.45 | 0.08 | 9.30 | 0.70 | 7.60 | 0.3 | 16.32 | 0.15 |
Ni | 0.21 | 0.03 | 0.15 | 0.07 | 0.92 | 0.04 | 0.22 | 0.01 |
P | 69.77 | 1.46 | 45.75 | 4.10 | 66.90 | 2.50 | 56.45 | 1.50 |
Pb | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.21 | 0.01 | 0.25 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Si | 0.13 | 0.03 | 3.95 | 0.33 | 2.79 | 0.25 | 1.13 | 0.01 |
Sr | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.79 | 0.04 | 0.7 | 0.01 |
Zn | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.05 | 0.55 | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.01 |
No. a | Compound Name | RI l b | RIa c | OC1 d | OC2 d | OC3 d | OC4 d |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | methyl isovalerate | 721 | 720 | _ | _ | 0.02 | _ |
2 | 2-hexenal | 830 | 825 | _ | 0.02 | 0.03 | _ |
3 | (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol | 831 | 835 | _ | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.19 |
4 | 3-heptanone | 865 | 863 | _ | 0.01 | 0.01 | _ |
5 | α-thujene | 932 | 924 | _ | 0.03 | 0.06 | _ |
6 | α-pinene | 936 | 933 | _ | 0.08 | 0.17 | _ |
7 | camphene | 950 | 947 | _ | 0.02 | 0.03 | _ |
8 | 1-octen-3-ol | 963 | 961 | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.19 |
9 | 3-octanone | 964 | 965 | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 0.09 |
10 | β-pinene | 978 | 974 | _ | 0.03 | 0.05 | |
11 | 3-octanol | 981 | 980 | _ | _ | _ | 0.01 |
12 | β-myrcene | 987 | 982 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.02 |
13 | δ-3-carene | 1010 | 1008 | _ | 0.02 | 0.03 | _ |
14 | α-terpinene | 1013 | 1011 | _ | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 |
15 | p-cymene | 1015 | 1014 | 0.27 | 7.23 | 8.64 | 0.34 |
16 | eucalyptol | 1024 | 1023 | 0.05 | _ | _ | 0.05 |
17 | limonene | 1025 | 1024 | _ | 0.14 | 0.16 | _ |
18 | γ-terpinene | 1051 | 1050 | 0.04 | 1.54 | 0.75 | 0.02 |
19 | trans-sabinene hydrate | 1051 | 1055 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.3 | 0.28 |
20 | cis-linalol oxide | 1072 | 1059 | 0.04 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
21 | 1-nonen-3-ol | 1058 | 1063 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 | _ |
22 | fenchone | 1076 | 1072 | 0.01 | _ | _ | _ |
23 | trans-linalol oxide | 1072 | 1074 | 0.07 | _ | _ | _ |
24 | meta-cymenene | 1073 | 1075 | _ | 0.16 | 0.14 | _ |
25 | cis-sabinene hydrate | 1083 | 1081 | _ | 0.01 | _ | _ |
26 | linalool | 1086 | 1085 | 1.96 | 1.78 | 1.44 | 1.54 |
27 | cis-p-mentha-2-en-1-ol | 1108 | 1110 | _ | 0.01 | 0.01 | _ |
28 | verbenol | 1139 | 1132 | _ | 0.03 | 0.02 | _ |
29 | endo-borneol | 1150 | 1153 | 0.33 | _ | _ | _ |
30 | terpinen-4-ol | 1164 | 1165 | 1.1 | 0.52 | 0.16 | 0.17 |
31 | α-terpineol | 1179 | 1176 | 0.66 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
32 | trans-piperitol | 1192 | 1195 | 0.01 | _ | _ | _ |
33 | pulegone | 1213 | 1221 | 0.3 | 0.33 | 0.76 | 1.07 |
34 | carvacrol methyl ether | 1226 | 1227 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.13 |
35 | thymol | 1267 | 1273 | 28.72 | 31.89 | 72.89 | 80.39 |
36 | carvacrol | 1278 | 1285 | 61.84 | 47.37 | 6.54 | 7.44 |
37 | piperitenone | 1315 | 1317 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.11 |
38 | eugenol | 1331 | 1331 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
39 | caryophyllene | 1421 | 1420 | 0.5 | _ | _ | _ |
40 | aromadendrene | 1443 | 1447 | 0.02 | 0.02 | _ | _ |
41 | α-humulene | 1456 | 1452 | 0.04 | _ | _ | _ |
42 | γ-muurolene | 1471 | 1472 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
43 | α-muurolene | 1496 | 1492 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | _ |
44 | β-bisabolene | 1483 | 1501 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
45 | γ-cadinene | 1507 | 1508 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
46 | calamenene | 1517 | 1511 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
47 | δ-cadiene | 1520 | 1516 | 0.12 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
48 | spathulenol | 1572 | 1566 | 0.05 | 0.02 | _ | 0.04 |
49 | caryophyllene oxide | 1578 | 1572 | 1.56 | 1.82 | 1.34 | 1.74 |
50 | humulene epoxide II | 1601 | 1597 | _ | 0.10 | 0.07 | _ |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 0.37 | 9.39 | 10.08 | 0.44 | |||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 93.81 | 83.60 | 83.42 | 91.91 | |||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 2.48 | 0.20 | 0.09 | 0.09 | |||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 1.61 | 1.94 | 1.41 | 1.78 | |||
Total identified compounds | 98.27 | 95.13 | 95.00 | 94.22 |
Essential Oil * | T(h) | LC50 (µL/mL) (95% LD) | LC90 (µL/mL) (95% LD) | χ2 | DF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OC1 | 24 | 13.979 (9.929–23.891) | 26.412 (17.814–47.183) | 12.667 | 23 |
48 | 2.515 (1.846–3.202) | 5.502 (4.187–7.324) | 11.164 | 23 | |
OC2 | 24 | 21.559 (13.971–44.689) | 61.227 (32.668–190.732) | 18.853 | 23 |
48 | 2.853 (2.022–3.738) | 6.515 (4.879–9.084) | 11.487 | 23 | |
OC3 | 24 | 58.907 (30.391–204.549) | 104.979 (49.68–431.667) | 9.786 | 23 |
48 | 5.213 (3.778–7.256) | 10.721 (7.837–16.831) | 10.981 | 23 | |
OC4 | 24 | 91.29 (42.355–407.43) | 219.189 (79.387–1901.429) | 11.674 | 23 |
48 | 7.445 (5.407–11.164) | 16.088 (10.712–32.996) | 13.481 | 23 |
DPPH (IC50 µg/mL) | FRAP (IC50 µg/mL) | β-Carotene (IC50 µg/mL) | |
---|---|---|---|
OC1 | 55.96 ± 1.07 b | 105.78 ± 2.14 e | 30.96 ± 1.27 a |
OC2 | 109.15 ± 2.01 d | 59.69 ± 2.06 c | 83.91 ± 1.30 d |
OC3 | 158.54 ± 4.50 e | 92.48 ± 1.77 d | 121.03 ± 0.70 f |
OC4 | 87.89 ± 1.05 c | 42.50 ± 0.54 b | 52.74 ± 1.16 b |
Gallic acid | 41.77 ± 0.90 a | 10.45 ± 0.25 a | 98.21 ± 0.51 e |
BHT | 185.96 ± 1.24 f | 36.51 ± 0.60 b | 75.15 ± 1.33 c |
Plants Code | Essential Oil Doses (mg/mL) | AChE (%) | Tyrosinase (%) | α-Glucosidase (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
OC1 | 0.25 | 45.00 ± 0.77 a | 42.45 ± 0.43 a | 47.66 ± 0.12 a |
0.5 | 61.12 ± 0.53 b | 57.66 ± 0.70 b | 57.50 ± 0.50 b | |
0.75 | 79.20 ± 0.50 c | 70.45 ± 0.30 c | 67.20 ± 0.60 c | |
1 | 94.01 ± 0.70 d | 83.20 ± 0.60 d | 85.50 ± 0.30 d | |
Positive control | 77.30 ± 0.40 c | 83.44 ± 0.73 e | 87.33 ± 0.50 d | |
OC2 | 0.25 | 52.45 ± 0.44 a | 53.12 ± 0.23 a | 54.11 ± 0.40 a |
0.5 | 67.13 ± 0.50 b | 66.79 ± 0.50 b | 59.20 ± 0.33 b | |
0.75 | 78.40 ± 0.90 c | 76.11 ± 0.20 c | 68.48 ± 0.40 c | |
1 | 85.89 ± 0.40 d | 83.02 ± 0.10 d | 87.80 ± 0.60 d | |
Positive control | 78.70 ± 0.50 c | 84.80 ± 0.33 d | 87.50 ± 0.23 d | |
OC3 | 0.25 | 54.60 ± 0.70 a | 48.75 ± 0.70 a | 44.20 ± 0.40 a |
0.5 | 70.10 ± 0.20 b | 57.90 ± 0.50 b | 57.30 ± 0.13 b | |
0.75 | 84.33 ± 0.90 d | 66.10 ± 0.55 c | 65.10 ± 0.05 c | |
1 | 93.33 ± 0.50 d | 76.40 ± 0.66 d | 79.90 ± 0.22 d | |
Positive control | 78.23 ± 0.43 c | 84.40 ± 0.30 e | 87.90 ± 0.08 e | |
OC4 | 0.25 | 41.80 ± 0.65 a | 54.80 ± 0.40 a | 52.50 ± 0.80 a |
0.5 | 51.33 ± 0.44 b | 68.30 ± 0.54 b | 59.80 ± 0.20 b | |
0.75 | 68.11 ± 0.67 c | 77.70 ± 0.43 c | 69.53 ± 0.50 c | |
1 | 84.75 ± 0.66 e | 87.40 ± 0.60 d | 80.70 ± 0.70 d | |
Positive control | 78.89 ± 0.67 d | 84.70 ± 0.23 d | 87.80 ± 0.30 e |
Plant Species | Species Code | Local Name | Harvesting Site | Collection Time | Voucher Specimen | GPS Coordinates | Oil Yield (% (w/w)) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Origanum compactum Benth. (OC) | OC1 | Izzikni | Gouman | June 2021 | ER-22-10 | 31°49′43.9″ N, 6°06′16.4″ W | 4.50 ± 0.15 |
OC2 | Izzikni | Tisslmit | June 2021 | ER-22-11 | 31°49′31.4″ N, 6°06′22.2″ W | 3.90 ± 0.20 | |
OC3 | Izzikni | Amzray | June 2021 | ER-22-12 | 31°50′01.7″ N, 6°07′27.9″ W | 4.20 ± 0.30 | |
OC4 | Izzikni | Imi ntisslmit | June 2021 | ER-20-13 | 31°50′18.3″ N, 6°06′07.7″ W | 3.45 ± 0.10 |
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Ouknin, M.; Alahyane, H.; Costa, J.; Majidi, L. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities, and In Vitro Insecticidal Potential of Origanum compactum (Benth.) Essential Oils. Plants 2024, 13, 2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172424
Ouknin M, Alahyane H, Costa J, Majidi L. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities, and In Vitro Insecticidal Potential of Origanum compactum (Benth.) Essential Oils. Plants. 2024; 13(17):2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172424
Chicago/Turabian StyleOuknin, Mohamed, Hassan Alahyane, Jean Costa, and Lhou Majidi. 2024. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Anti-Enzymatic Activities, and In Vitro Insecticidal Potential of Origanum compactum (Benth.) Essential Oils" Plants 13, no. 17: 2424. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172424