Soil Seed Bank of the Alpine Endemic Carnation, Dianthus pavonius Tausch (Piedmont, Italy), a Useful Model for the Study of Host–Pathogen Dynamics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Germination in the Lab
2.2. Germination of Seeds Sown at the Ground Level
2.3. Long-Term Viability of Seeds Buried in the Soil
2.3.1. Germination of Buried Seeds
2.3.2. Seedlings from Buried Seeds
2.3.3. Viability of Intact Buried Seeds
3. Discussion
Consequences for the Host Population Biology and Host–Pathogen Dynamics
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Check of Germination in the Lab
4.2. Check of Germination after Seed Sowing at the Ground Level
4.3. Check of Long-Term Viability of Seeds Buried in the Soil
Recovering the Seed Bags Buried in the Soil
- Germinated seed;
- Seedling associated with a seed coat;
- Ungerminated seed (subcategorized as viable or inviable).
4.4. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test of Model Effects—Type III | |||
---|---|---|---|
Source | Wald Chi-Square | df | p-Value |
(Intercept) | 45.514 | 1 | <0.0001 |
Year | 60.362 | 1 | <0.0001 |
Plot | 0.370 | 3 | 0.946 |
Plot × year | 4.054 | 3 | 0.256 |
Plot | Altitude (m a.s.l.) | Plot Location | Plot Morphology | Dominant Species |
---|---|---|---|---|
A | 1969 m | 44°11′27″ N 7°41′24″ E | Mountain slope | Vaccinium myrtillus, Nardus stricta, Dianthus pavonius |
B | 1962 m | 44°11′27″ N 7°41′23″ E | Mountain slope | Juniperus communis, Nardus stricta |
C | 1963 m | 44°11′23″ N 7°41′17″ E | Flat alpine grassland | Nardus stricta, Euphrasia minima |
D | 1968 m | 44°11′24″ N 7°41′17″ E | Hilltop on debris | Rhododendron ferrugineum, Euphrasia minima, Nardus stricta |
Artificial plot | 1961 m | 44°11′23″ N 7°41′18″ E | Plant nursery in the Alpine Botanical Station | No vegetation |
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Carasso, V.; Bruns, E.L.; Antonovics, J.; Hood, M.E. Soil Seed Bank of the Alpine Endemic Carnation, Dianthus pavonius Tausch (Piedmont, Italy), a Useful Model for the Study of Host–Pathogen Dynamics. Plants 2024, 13, 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172432
Carasso V, Bruns EL, Antonovics J, Hood ME. Soil Seed Bank of the Alpine Endemic Carnation, Dianthus pavonius Tausch (Piedmont, Italy), a Useful Model for the Study of Host–Pathogen Dynamics. Plants. 2024; 13(17):2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172432
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarasso, Valentina, Emily L. Bruns, Janis Antonovics, and Michael E. Hood. 2024. "Soil Seed Bank of the Alpine Endemic Carnation, Dianthus pavonius Tausch (Piedmont, Italy), a Useful Model for the Study of Host–Pathogen Dynamics" Plants 13, no. 17: 2432. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172432