Design and Characterization of Liposomal-Based Carriers for the Encapsulation of Rosa canina Fruit Extract: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Release Behavior
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Storage Stability of Liposomes
2.2. Physical Properties of Rosa canina Fruit Extract and Liposomes
2.3. FTIR Spectra of Rosa canina Fruit Extract and Liposomes
2.4. Polyphenol Profile of Rosa canina Fruit Extract and Extract-Loaded Liposomes
2.5. Thermal Stability of Rosa canina Fruit Extract and Liposomes
2.6. Polyphenol Release from Rosa canina Fruit Extract and Extract-Loaded Liposomes
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material and Reagents
3.2. Preparation of Rosa Canina Fruit Extract and Determination of the Extraction Yield
3.3. Preparation of Liposomal Vesicles and Lyophilization
3.4. Storage-Stability Study
3.5. UV-Stability Study
3.6. Density, Surface Tension, and Viscosity Analyses
3.7. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis
3.8. HPLC Analysis
3.9. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.10. In Vitro Release Study
3.11. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scheme | ρ [g/mL] | γ [mN/m] | η [mPa·s] |
---|---|---|---|
extract | 0.931 ± 0.001 c* | 25.4 ± 0.2 a | 4.21 ± 0.01 c |
extractuv | 0.969 ± 0.001 c | 23.3 ± 0.4 c | 5.49 ± 0.07 b |
liposomes | 0.998 ± 0.000 b | 24.1 ± 0.1 b | 3.13 ± 0.01 d |
liposomesUV | 0.997 ± 0.002 b | 24.4 ± 0.2 b | 3.14 ± 0.02 d |
extract-loaded liposomes | 1.010 ± 0.002 a | 18.7 ± 0.3 d | 6.75 ± 0.05 a |
extract-loaded liposomesUV | 1.012 ± 0.002 a | 18.5 ± 0.1 d | 6.71 ± 0.02 a |
Sample | Chlorogenic Acid | Rutin | Quercetin Derivatives * |
---|---|---|---|
µg/mL | |||
Extract | 67.63 ± 1.42 | 157.81 ± 1.78 | 247.71 ± 2.63 |
ExtractUV | 57.42 ± 1.01 | 56.47 ± 1.14 | 135.63 ± 1.74 |
Extract-loaded liposomes | 5.33 ± 0.65 | 18.83 ± 1.34 | 46.53 ± 1.86 |
Extract-loaded liposomesUV | 6.32 ± 0.72 | 17.65 ± 1.22 | 48.14 ± 1.29 |
Extract | ExtractUV | Liposomes | LiposomesUV | Extract-Loaded Liposomes | Extract-Loaded Liposomesuv | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WL until TD | 0.5 ± 0.1 b | 0.5 ± 0.2 b | 1.8 ± 0.4 a | 2.2 ± 0.5 a | 1.8 ± 0.4 a | 1.9 ± 0.6 a |
TD | ||||||
Ton (°C) | 108.5 ± 1.5 c | 104.1 ± 1.9 d | 228.4 ± 0.5 a | 225.3 ± 1.7 a | 177.8 ± 0.6 b | 177.4 ± 1.1 b |
Toff (°C) | 386.2 ± 1.1 a | 386.2 ± 1.8 a | 376.5 ± 0.6 bc | 372.4 ± 1.7 d | 377.6 ± 1.6 b | 373.7 ± 1.0 cd |
WL (%) | 58.4 ± 0.6 b | 59.0 ± 1.3 b | 81.8 ± 0.9 a | 80.7 ± 0.9 a | 80.0 ± 0.7 a | 80.0 ± 1.3 a |
Tp1 (°C) | 125.9 ± 1.7 b | 121.8 ± 0.8 c | - | - | 212.0 ± 1.9 a | 214.1 ± 1.4 a |
Tp2 (°C) | 197.0 ± 1.0 c | 195.0 ± 0.5 c | 268.2 ± 1.2 a | 268.4 ± 1.4 a | 266.6 ± 1.0 ab | 265.5 ± 0.6 b |
Tp3 (°C) | 309.2 ± 0.9 c | 310.4 ± 1.5 c | 332.3 ± 1.1 a | 331.4 ± 1.6 a | 328.4 ± 1.8 ab | 326.5 ± 1.5 b |
Residue 500 °C | 35.8 ± 0.9 a | 35.2 ± 0.9 a | 11.8 ± 0.9 b | 12.0 ± 0.6 b | 11.4 ± 0.7 b | 11.3 ± 1.0 b |
Conditions | Sample | D [m2/s] | R [s/m] |
---|---|---|---|
Water, 25 °C | Extract | 2.07 × 10−9 | 1.47 × 106 |
Extract-loaded liposomes | 3.35 × 10−10 | 1.90 × 107 | |
SGF, pH 1.2, 37 °C | Extract | 2.54 × 10−8 | 1.20 × 105 |
Extract-loaded liposomes | 1.67 × 10−9 | 3.80 × 106 | |
SIF, pH 6.8, 37 °C | Extract | 7.50 × 10−9 | 4.07 × 105 |
Extract-loaded liposomes | 4.88 × 10−9 | 1.30 × 106 |
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Jovanović, A.A.; Balanč, B.; Petrović, P.M.; Volić, M.; Micić, D.; Živković, J.; Šavikin, K.P. Design and Characterization of Liposomal-Based Carriers for the Encapsulation of Rosa canina Fruit Extract: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Release Behavior. Plants 2024, 13, 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182608
Jovanović AA, Balanč B, Petrović PM, Volić M, Micić D, Živković J, Šavikin KP. Design and Characterization of Liposomal-Based Carriers for the Encapsulation of Rosa canina Fruit Extract: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Release Behavior. Plants. 2024; 13(18):2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182608
Chicago/Turabian StyleJovanović, Aleksandra A., Bojana Balanč, Predrag M. Petrović, Mina Volić, Darko Micić, Jelena Živković, and Katarina P. Šavikin. 2024. "Design and Characterization of Liposomal-Based Carriers for the Encapsulation of Rosa canina Fruit Extract: In Vitro Gastrointestinal Release Behavior" Plants 13, no. 18: 2608. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182608