Shading and Water Addition Alleviate the Elemental Limitations of the Early Restoration Community in a Stressful Environment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Concentrations and Ratios of Nutrient Elements in the Communities
2.2. Effects of Shading and Water Addition on Stoichiometric Traits in the Communities
2.3. Species-Specific Variation and Comparisons with the Control and Natural Forest
3. Discussion
3.1. Elemental Characteristics and Their Responses to Shading and Water Addition
3.2. Interactive Effects of Shading and Water Addition on Leaf Stoichiometry
3.3. Limitation of Nutrient Elements and Implications for Vegetation Restoration
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Site
4.2. Experimental Design
4.3. Sampling and Measurement
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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T. C (g·kg−1) | T. N (g·kg−1) | T. P (g·kg−1) | T. K (g·kg−1) | C:N | C:P | C:K | N:P | N:K | P:K | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Community mean, arithmetic | ||||||||||
Sha × sha | 2.115 ** | −0.883 | −1.649 ** | −1.554 * | 1.007 | 2.214 ** | 1.580* | 1.836 ** | 0.984 | −0.268 |
Shading | −1.873 * | 0.935 | 1.703 ** | 1.827 ** | −0.939 | −2.273 ** | −1.924 ** | −1.869 ** | −1.375 * | 0.080 |
Wat × wat | 0.864 | −1.317 * | 1.472 ** | −0.426 | 1.568 | −1.200 ** | 0.886 | −2.077 ** | 0.924 | 1.942 ** |
Watering | −0.324 | 1.114 | −0.818 | −0.223 | −1.310 | 0.726 | −0.450 | 1.396 ** | −0.393 | −1.034 * |
Sha × wat | −0.582 | 0.712 | −0.065 | 0.314 | −0.563 | 0.065 | −0.107 | 0.405 | 0.104 | −0.216 |
F | 2.414 | 3.932 | 10.617 | 3.439 | 1.887 | 11.542 | 3.628 | 18.431 | 3.074 | 10.306 |
p | 0.098 | 0.024 | 0.000 | 0.037 | 0.171 | 0.000 | 0.031 | 0.000 | 0.051 | 0.001 |
Community mean, weighted by abundance | ||||||||||
Sha × sha | 0.409 | −0.538 | −1.373 ** | −1.263 * | 0.264 | 1.768 ** | 1.294 * | 1.720 ** | 0.875 | 0.039 |
Shading | 0.976 | −0.670 | 1.223 * | 1.996 ** | 1.093 | −1.405 * | −1.924 ** | −2.133 ** | −1.758 * | −0.511 |
Wat × wat | 0.769 | −0.439 | 1.811 ** | 0.037 | 0.690 | −1.550 * | 0.326 | −2.072 ** | 0.491 | 1.472 ** |
Watering | 0.085 | 0.235 | −1.141 * | −0.339 | −0.320 | 1.098 * | 0.034 | 1.338 ** | −0.169 | −0.701 |
Sha × wat | −1.338 * | 1.085 | −0.06 | −0.142 | −1.128 * | −0.050 | 0.046 | 0.622 | 0.267 | −0.084 |
F | 3.462 | 2.872 | 8.911 | 5.961 | 4.508 | 6.400 | 4.688 | 15.390 | 9.144 | 6.425 |
p | 0.036 | 0.062 | 0.001 | 0.005 | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.013 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
Community mean, weighted by leaf biomass | ||||||||||
Sha × sha | −0.016 | 0.091 | −1.602 * | −0.976 | −0.055 | 1.696 * | 1.076 | 1.954 ** | 1.007 * | 0.013 |
Shading | 1.189 * | −0.727 | 1.379 * | 1.224 * | 0.988 | −1.260 * | −1.236 * | −2.179 ** | −1.451 ** | −0.382 |
Wat × wat | 1.203 * | −1.227 | 0.745 | −0.409 | 1.495 * | −0.451 | 0.479 | −1.580 ** | −0.152 | 0.786 |
Watering | −0.174 | 1.652 * | −0.059 | 0.162 | −1.564 ** | −0.101 | −0.054 | 1.072 * | 0.619 | −0.013 |
Sha × wat | −1.007 * | 0.091 | 0.000 | 0.665 | −0.463 | −0.125 | −0.822 | 0.165 | −0.624 | −0.700 |
F | 9.853 | 3.852 | 5.426 | 4.297 | 5.203 | 4.345 | 4.047 | 12.929 | 8.816 | 3.913 |
p | 0.001 | 0.026 | 0.008 | 0.018 | 0.009 | 0.017 | 0.022 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.025 |
No. | Species | Family | Genus | Growth Form | Leaf Habit |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Albizia kalkora (Roxb.) Prain | Fabaceae | Albizia | Tree | Deciduous |
2 | Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm. F.) C. E. C. Fischer | Phyllanthaceae | Breynia | Shrub | Deciduous |
3 | Fraxinus malacophylla Hemsl. | Oleaceae | Fraxinus | Tree | Deciduous |
4 | Jasminum seguinii Lévl. | Oleaceae | Jasminum | Shrub | Evergreen |
5 | Ligustrum lucidum Ait. | Oleaceae | Ligustrum | Tree | Evergreen |
6 | Paliurus orientalis (Franch.) Hemsl. | Rhamnaceae | Paliurus | Tree | Deciduous |
7 | Quercus cocciferoides Hand.-Mazz. | Fagaceae | Quercus | Tree | Semievergreen |
8 | Rhus chinensis Mill. | Anacardiaceae | Rhus | Tree | Deciduous |
9 | Rubus niveus Thunb. | Rosaceae | Rubus | Shrub | Deciduous |
10 | Smilax china L. | Smilacaceae | Smilax | Liana | Evergreen |
11 | Triadica sebifera (Linnaeus) Small | Euphorbiaceae | Triadica | Tree | Deciduous |
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Chen, F.; Zhao, G.; Shen, Y.; Zhu, H.; Li, Z.; Tan, B. Shading and Water Addition Alleviate the Elemental Limitations of the Early Restoration Community in a Stressful Environment. Plants 2024, 13, 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182626
Chen F, Zhao G, Shen Y, Zhu H, Li Z, Tan B. Shading and Water Addition Alleviate the Elemental Limitations of the Early Restoration Community in a Stressful Environment. Plants. 2024; 13(18):2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182626
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Fajun, Gaojuan Zhao, Youxin Shen, Hong Zhu, Zhenjiang Li, and Beilin Tan. 2024. "Shading and Water Addition Alleviate the Elemental Limitations of the Early Restoration Community in a Stressful Environment" Plants 13, no. 18: 2626. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182626