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Article

Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal

by
Hyeon Min Kim
1,
Jun Hyeok Kim
1,
Mi Hyun Lee
1,
Gun Mo Kim
1,
Chung Youl Park
1,2,
Da Hyun Lee
1 and
Chae Sun Na
1,*
1
Division of Wild Plant and Seeds, Baekdudaegan National Arboretum, Bonghwa 36209, Republic of Korea
2
Experiment & Analysis Division, Incheon International Airport Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Incheon 22382, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2024, 13(5), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050648
Submission received: 19 December 2023 / Revised: 14 February 2024 / Accepted: 21 February 2024 / Published: 26 February 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms of Seed Dormancy and Germination)
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Abstract

Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino is known to have a seed dispersal that is thick and stony (endocarp + seeds) and has potential as a landscaping tree seed. In several Rosaceae species, seeds are covered with a hard endocarp, making the internal seeds water-impermeable and germination difficult. Here, we analyzed the morphoanatomical traits and germination properties of R. scandens seeds. To identify ideal seed propagation conditions, we immersed R. scandens seeds in sulfuric acid for varying durations and subjected them to phytohormone (gibberellic acid A3 and fluridone) and a cold stratification (CS) (5 °C) treatment after endocarp removal (ER). The R. scandens stony seeds did not increase in mass by ≥25.0%. Following ER, the seed mass increased by ≥50.0% with water absorption when compared to the initial dry mass. Seed surfaces showed damage and cracks through scarification after 1 h of immersion in sulfuric acid, failing to germinate. A combination of ER, phytohormone treatment, and CS improved seed germination compared to ER alone (26.0 ± 5.3%). Overall, R. scandens seeds showed a dispersal with a hard endocarp from the parent plant, and a pre-treatment with ER, phytohormones, and CS was required for effective seed propagation.
Keywords: cold stratification; endocarp removal; fluridone; Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino; seed propagation; water absorption cold stratification; endocarp removal; fluridone; Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino; seed propagation; water absorption

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, H.M.; Kim, J.H.; Lee, M.H.; Kim, G.M.; Park, C.Y.; Lee, D.H.; Na, C.S. Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal. Plants 2024, 13, 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050648

AMA Style

Kim HM, Kim JH, Lee MH, Kim GM, Park CY, Lee DH, Na CS. Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal. Plants. 2024; 13(5):648. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050648

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Hyeon Min, Jun Hyeok Kim, Mi Hyun Lee, Gun Mo Kim, Chung Youl Park, Da Hyun Lee, and Chae Sun Na. 2024. "Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal" Plants 13, no. 5: 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050648

APA Style

Kim, H. M., Kim, J. H., Lee, M. H., Kim, G. M., Park, C. Y., Lee, D. H., & Na, C. S. (2024). Methods for Improving the Germination of Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino Seeds through Endocarp Removal. Plants, 13(5), 648. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050648

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