Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CDT Significantly Decreases Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment
2.2. Expression of Genes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Analysis of Energy Metabolism during Seed Aging
2.3. Antioxidant Activity and DNA Damage and Repair Genes during Aging Revealed by KEGG Analysis
2.4. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) Verification for Expressions of Aging Altered Genes
2.5. CDT Increases the Level of Certain Fatty Acids and Decreases the Level of Soluble Sugars in Safflower Seeds
2.6. Exogenous Sucrose and DA-6 Enhance the Viability of Aged Seeds
3. Discussion
3.1. Inactivation of Safflower Seeds Due to Impaired Energy Metabolism
3.2. Oxidative Damage and DNA Damage during Safflower Seeds Aging
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Controlled Deterioration Treatment (CDT)
4.3. Germination Test
4.4. Seedling Establishment Test
4.5. Content of MDA
4.6. CAT Activity Quantification
4.7. Determination of Chlorophyll Content
4.8. Transcriptome Profiling
4.9. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.10. Fatty Acids Extraction and Measurements
4.11. Determination of Various Sugar Content
4.12. Exogenous Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment of Aged Safflower Seeds
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lv, T.; Li, J.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, T.; Pritchard, H.W.; Ren, C.; Chen, J.; Yan, J.; Pei, J. Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment. Plants 2024, 13, 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050659
Lv T, Li J, Zhou L, Zhou T, Pritchard HW, Ren C, Chen J, Yan J, Pei J. Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment. Plants. 2024; 13(5):659. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050659
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Tang, Juan Li, Lanyu Zhou, Tao Zhou, Hugh W. Pritchard, Chaoxiang Ren, Jiang Chen, Jie Yan, and Jin Pei. 2024. "Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment" Plants 13, no. 5: 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050659