Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Potyvirus Genome Organization
3. HC-Pro Is a Multifunctional Protein
3.1. HC-Pro Suppresses RNA Silencing
3.2. HC-Pro Presence Directly Correlates with Symptom Severity, Pathogenicity, and Virus Accumulation
3.3. Proteolytic Activity of HC-Pro
3.4. HC-Pro Is Involved in Aphid Transmission
3.5. The Role of HC-Pro in Viral Transport
4. HC-Pro Interacts with Plant Host Proteins
4.1. HC-Pro’s Interactions with the 20S Proteasome May Be an Alternative Pathway to RNA Silencing
4.2. HC-Pro’s Interactions with Chloroplastic Proteins May Decrease Photosynthesis
4.3. HC-Pro’s Interactions with Host Transcription and Translation Factors May Increase Virulence and Suppress Gene Silencing
4.4. Effects of HC-Pro on Methylation May Affect RNA Exonuclease Degradation
4.5. HC-Pro’s Interactions with the Host Protein VARICOSE Play Several Roles in Various Stages of Infection and Are Associated with Gene Silencing Suppression
4.6. HC-Pro’s Interactions with Calcium-Binding Proteins May Affect Host Defense
4.7. HC-Pro’s Interactions with Microtubule-Associated Proteins May Modulate Virus Infection
4.8. HC-Pro Interacts with Host Enzymes
4.9. HC-Pro Interacts with Antiviral Compounds
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Interaction Partner | Plant | HC-Pro Origin [Reference] |
---|---|---|
20S proteasome subunits: | ||
PAA (α 1) PBB (β 2) PBE (β 5) | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Potato virus Y [63] (PVY) |
PAE (α 5) | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Lettuce mosaic virus [94] (LMV) |
Related to autophagy: | ||
Autophagy cargo receptor NBR1 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) [106] |
Chloroplastic proteins: | ||
Ca2+-dependent ATPase (MinD) | Nicotiana tabacum L. Nicotiana benthamiana | Potato virus Y (PVY) [64] |
ATP-synthase NtCF1β-subunit | Nicotiana tabacum L. | Potato virus Y (PVY) [101,107] |
Rubisco | Phaseolus vulgaris L. | Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) [99] |
Ferredoxin-5 (Fd V) | Zea mays L. | Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) [62] |
Transcription and translation factors: | ||
Ethylene-inducible transcription factor | Nicotiana tabacum L. Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) [108] |
Translation initiation factor eIF4E and its isoform eIF(iso)4E | Nicotiana tabacum L. | Potato virus Y, A (PVY, PVA) Tobacco etch virus (TEV) [91] |
Translation initiation factor eIF4E and its isoform eIF(iso)4E | Arachis hypogaea L. | Peanut stripe virus (PStV) [109] |
Related to methylation: | ||
HEN 1 methyltransferase | in vitro | Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) [38] |
HEN 1 methyltransferase | Arabidopsis thaliana L. Marchantia polymorpha L. | Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) [39] |
Methionine cycle key enzymes | Nicotiana benthamiana | Potato virus A (PVA) [37] |
Histones H3, H4 Nucleosome | - | Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) [99] |
DNA methylation of the promoters of YUC genes affecting auxin biosynthesis | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) [110] |
DNA methylation of the promoters of the regulators in the salicylic acid pathway | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV) [111] |
Related to gene silencing: | ||
ARGONAUTE1 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Potato virus A (PVA) [3] |
Host protein VARICOSE | Nicotiana benthamiana | Potato virus A (PVA) [41] |
Related to calcium: | ||
Calmodulin-related protein (rgs-CaM) | Nicotiana tabacum L. Nicotiana benthamiana | Tobacco etch virus (TEV) [102] |
Calreticulin | Carica papaya L. | Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) [97] |
Related to microtubules: | ||
Microtubule-associated host protein HIP2 | Solanum tuberosum L. Nicotiana tabacum L. Nicotiana benthamiana | Potato virus A (PVA), Tobacco etch virus (TEV) [87,103] |
Novel RING finger protein HIP1 | Solanum tuberosum L. | Potato virus A (PVA) [112] |
Enzymes: | ||
Triacylglycerol lipase | Zea mays L. | Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) [98] |
Violaxanthin deepoxidase | Zea mays L. | Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) [96] |
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase | Nicotiana benthamiana | Potato virus Y (PVYN) [95] |
Carbonic anhydrase (salicylic acid-binding protein 3) | Arabidopsis thaliana L. | Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) [104] |
Urea derivatives | in vitro | Potato virus Y (PVY) [22] |
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Hýsková, V.; Bělonožníková, K.; Chmelík, J.; Hoffmeisterová, H.; Čeřovská, N.; Moravec, T.; Ryšlavá, H. Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins. Plants 2024, 13, 1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091236
Hýsková V, Bělonožníková K, Chmelík J, Hoffmeisterová H, Čeřovská N, Moravec T, Ryšlavá H. Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins. Plants. 2024; 13(9):1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091236
Chicago/Turabian StyleHýsková, Veronika, Kateřina Bělonožníková, Josef Chmelík, Hana Hoffmeisterová, Noemi Čeřovská, Tomáš Moravec, and Helena Ryšlavá. 2024. "Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins" Plants 13, no. 9: 1236. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091236