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Volume 13
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10.3390/plants13091240
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Article

Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-Sterile Soils

by
Pei-Cheng Huang
1,
Peiguo Yuan
1,
John M. Grunseich
2,
James Taylor
1,
Eric-Olivier Tiénébo
3,4,
Elizabeth A. Pierson
1,3,
Julio S. Bernal
2,
Charles M. Kenerley
1 and
Michael V. Kolomiets
1,*
1
Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2132, USA
2
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2475, USA
3
Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
4
Agronomic Sciences and Transformation Processes Joint Research and Innovation Unit, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro P.O. Box 1093, Côte d’Ivoire
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2024, 13(9), 1240; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091240
Submission received: 13 March 2024 / Revised: 22 April 2024 / Accepted: 26 April 2024 / Published: 30 April 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beneficial Plant-Microorganisms Interactions: Augmented Defenses of Plants and Physiological Responses)
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Abstract

Soil-borne Trichoderma spp. have been extensively studied for their biocontrol activities against pathogens and growth promotion ability in plants. However, the beneficial effect of Trichoderma on inducing resistance against insect herbivores has been underexplored. Among diverse Trichoderma species, consistent with previous reports, we showed that root colonization by T. virens triggered induced systemic resistance (ISR) to the leaf-infecting hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola. Whether T. virens induces ISR to insect pests has not been tested before. In this study, we investigated whether T. virens affects jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and defense against fall armyworm (FAW) and western corn rootworm (WCR). Unexpectedly, the results showed that T. virens colonization of maize seedlings grown in autoclaved soil suppressed wound-induced production of JA, resulting in reduced resistance to FAW. Similarly, the bacterial endophyte Pseudomonas chlororaphis 30-84 was found to suppress systemic resistance to FAW due to reduced JA. Further comparative analyses of the systemic effects of these endophytes when applied in sterile or non-sterile field soil showed that both T. virens and P. chlororaphis 30-84 triggered ISR against C. graminicola in both soil conditions, but only suppressed JA production and resistance to FAW in sterile soil, while no significant impact was observed when applied in non-sterile soil. In contrast to the effect on FAW defense, T. virens colonization of maize roots suppressed WCR larvae survival and weight gain. This is the first report suggesting the potential role of T. virens as a biocontrol agent against WCR.
Keywords: Trichoderma virens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; induced systemic resistance; jasmonic acid; Spodoptera frugiperda; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Trichoderma virens; Pseudomonas chlororaphis; induced systemic resistance; jasmonic acid; Spodoptera frugiperda; Diabrotica virgifera virgifera

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MDPI and ACS Style

Huang, P.-C.; Yuan, P.; Grunseich, J.M.; Taylor, J.; Tiénébo, E.-O.; Pierson, E.A.; Bernal, J.S.; Kenerley, C.M.; Kolomiets, M.V. Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-Sterile Soils. Plants 2024, 13, 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091240

AMA Style

Huang P-C, Yuan P, Grunseich JM, Taylor J, Tiénébo E-O, Pierson EA, Bernal JS, Kenerley CM, Kolomiets MV. Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-Sterile Soils. Plants. 2024; 13(9):1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091240

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huang, Pei-Cheng, Peiguo Yuan, John M. Grunseich, James Taylor, Eric-Olivier Tiénébo, Elizabeth A. Pierson, Julio S. Bernal, Charles M. Kenerley, and Michael V. Kolomiets. 2024. "Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-Sterile Soils" Plants 13, no. 9: 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091240

APA Style

Huang, P.-C., Yuan, P., Grunseich, J. M., Taylor, J., Tiénébo, E.-O., Pierson, E. A., Bernal, J. S., Kenerley, C. M., & Kolomiets, M. V. (2024). Trichoderma virens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis Differentially Regulate Maize Resistance to Anthracnose Leaf Blight and Insect Herbivores When Grown in Sterile versus Non-Sterile Soils. Plants, 13(9), 1240. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091240

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