Creating Climate-Resilient Crops by Increasing Drought, Heat, and Salt Tolerance
Abstract
:1. Negative Effects of Abiotic Stresses
2. The Mechanisms of Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
3. Creating Climate-Resilient Crops
4. Regulation of Gene Expression to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance
5. Regulation of Post-Translational Modification of Proteins and Enzymes to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance
6. Maintaining Ion Homeostasis to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance
7. Maintaining High Photosynthesis and High Antioxidation Capacity to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance
8. Co-Overexpression of Two or More Genes to Improve Crop Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses
9. Use of New Technologies to Improve Crop Stress Tolerance
10. Using New Management Strategies and Cultivating Methods to Improve Abiotic Stress Tolerance
11. Concluding Remarks
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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miRNA | Plant Species | Target | Abiotic Stress Tolerance | Effect | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR396g-5p | Paeonia ostii | Assumed to be signal transducer and activator of transcriptional factor (STAT) | Drought | - | [157] |
miR396c | Oryza sativa | Growth regulating factors (GRF) | Salinity | Overexpression resulted in reduced growth and root length | [158] |
miR396-b | Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) | GRF | Salinity | miR396-b was upregulated under salt treatment, thus decreasing GRF gene expression | [159] |
miR169 | Tomato and Arabidopsis thaliana | NF-YA | Heat | Heat shock factors (HSF) induce the expression of miR169 that downregulates At-NF-YA2/ sly-NF-YA9/10 | [160] |
miR396a-5p | Tobacco | GRF-7 regulated osmotic-responsive gene expression | Salt and drought | Overexpression of miR396a-5p leads to enhanced leaf RWC, root biomass, antioxidant activity, and survival rate | [161] |
miR393 | Barley | ABA pathway (NCED1, NCED2, and NCED3) | Drought | Overexpression increased stomatal density and reduced guard cell length | [162] |
miR160 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Auxin response transcription factors (ARF) | Heat | - | [163] |
miR408 | Wheat (Triticum aestivum) | Genes involved in Pi accumulation, signal transduction, microtubule organization, and biochemical synthesis (TaCP, TaMP, TaBCP, TaFP, TaKRP, and TaAMP) | Salt | Overexpression of TaemiR408 resulted in enhanced growth, biomass, and P accumulation under Pi starvation and salt stress | [164] |
miR165/166 | Arabidopsis thaliana | HSFA1 via PHABULOSA (PHB) | Heat | - | [165] |
miR1861h | Oryza sativa | Putative targets include retro transposons, mRNAs encoding transcription factors, methyltransferase, and functional proteins | salt | Overexpression of miR1861h resulted in better phenotype under salt conditions | [166] |
Plant | Amendment | Abiotic Stress | Effect | Concentration | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haplophyte spp. | Melatonin | Salinity | Improved germination and growth | 5 and 100 µM MT | [192] |
Rice | NaCl, CaCl2, KCl, KNO3, and H2O2 | Salinity | Increased survival rate | 100 mM NaCl, 2.2% CaCl2, 2.2% KCl, 2.2% KNO3, and 50 mM H2O2 for 48-h | [193] |
Sunflower | H2S | Salinity | Maintained ion homeostasis and reduced oxidative damage | 0.5 mM | [194] |
Chenopodium quinoa | CaCl2 | Salinity | Improved germination and growth, biomass production, and chilling | [195] | |
Wheat | K2SiO3 | Salinity | Improved seed germination, seedling length | 1.5 mM | [196] |
Soybean (Glycine max L.) | Jasmonic acid | Salinity | Increased net photosynthetic rate, total chlorophyll content and stomatal conductance | 60 μM | [197] |
Wheat | CaCl2 | Drought | Improved leaf area, water content in leaf tissue, and yield | 1.5% | [198] |
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Sugumar, T.; Shen, G.; Smith, J.; Zhang, H. Creating Climate-Resilient Crops by Increasing Drought, Heat, and Salt Tolerance. Plants 2024, 13, 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091238
Sugumar T, Shen G, Smith J, Zhang H. Creating Climate-Resilient Crops by Increasing Drought, Heat, and Salt Tolerance. Plants. 2024; 13(9):1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091238
Chicago/Turabian StyleSugumar, Tharanya, Guoxin Shen, Jennifer Smith, and Hong Zhang. 2024. "Creating Climate-Resilient Crops by Increasing Drought, Heat, and Salt Tolerance" Plants 13, no. 9: 1238. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13091238