A Synopsis of Sardinian Studies: Why Is it Important to Work on Island Orchids?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Current Knowledge
2.2. Local Conservation Status
2.3. Species–Area and Species–Elevation Relationships
2.4. Key Shortfalls
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Study Area
3.1.1. Topography
3.1.2. Geology
3.1.3. Climate
3.1.4. Plant Diversity
3.1.5. Human Impact
3.2. Check-List of Sardinian Orchids
3.3. Assessment of Local Conservation Status
3.4. Species–Area and Species–Elevation Relationships
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Global | Local | ObsNum | ObsGRNum | MeasNum | MeasGRNum | TraitNum | |
Anacamptis | ||||||||
A. collina | Least Concern | Least Concern | 6 | |||||
A. fragrans | Least Concern | Least Concern | 2 | |||||
A. laxiflora | Least Concern | Vulnerable | 70 | |||||
A. longicornu | Least Concern | 38 | ||||||
A. palustris | Least Concern | Critically Endangered | 24 | |||||
A. papilionacea var. papilionacea | Least Concern | Least Concern | 4 | |||||
A. papilionacea var. grandiflora | Least Concern | 4 | ||||||
A. pyramidalis | Least Concern | Vulnerable | 25 | 244 | 31 | 447 | 87 | 120 |
Cephalanthera | ||||||||
C. damasonium | Least Concern | Vulnerable | 86 | |||||
C. longifolia | Least Concern | Least Concern | 106 | 329 | 57 | 827 | 334 | 111 |
C. rubra | Least Concern | Vulnerable | 13 | 1 | 469 | 4 | 113 | |
Dactylorhiza | ||||||||
D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis | Near Threatened | Critically Endangered | ||||||
D. insularis | Vulnerable | 2 | ||||||
Epipactis | ||||||||
E. gracilis | Vulnerable | |||||||
E. helleborine | Least Concern | 1734 | 509 | 117 | 1458 | 738 | 145 | |
E. helleborine subsp. muelleri | Least Concern | Critically Endangered | 13 | 74 | 164 | 74 | ||
E. microphylla | Least Concern | 41 | 100 | 12 | 236 | 8 | 81 | |
E. palustris | Least Concern | Vulnerable | 162 | 271 | 25 | 427 | 25 | 120 |
E. tremolsii | Vulnerable | 1 | ||||||
Gennaria | ||||||||
G. diphylla | Least Concern | Least Concern | 11 | |||||
Himantoglossum | ||||||||
H. robertianum | Least Concern | Least Concern | 41 | |||||
H. hircinum | Least Concern | Endangered | ||||||
Limodorum | ||||||||
L. abortivum | Least Concern | Least Concern | 97 | 93 | 234 | |||
L. trabutianum | Near Threatened | Vulnerable | 1 | |||||
Neotinea | ||||||||
N. lactea | Least Concern | Least Concern | 7 | |||||
N. maculata | Least Concern | Least Concern | 16 | |||||
N. tridentata | Least Concern | Vulnerable | 9 | |||||
Neottia | ||||||||
N. nidus-avis | Least Concern | Least Concern | 84 | 434 | 21 | 701 | 23 | 127 |
N. ovata | Vulnerable | 34 | ||||||
Ophrys | 84 | |||||||
O. apifera | Least Concern | Least Concern | 102 | |||||
O. bombyliflora | Least Concern | Least Concern | 16 | 1 | ||||
O. eleonorae | Least Concern | |||||||
O. exaltata subsp. morisii | Least Concern | 9 | ||||||
O. funerea | Endangered | 5 | ||||||
O. fusca | Least Concern | Least Concern | 79 | |||||
O. fusca subsp. ortuabis | Endangered | 0 | ||||||
O. garganica | Vulnerable | 64 | ||||||
O. holoserica subsp. annae | Vulnerable | 0 | ||||||
O. holoserica subsp. chestermanii | Least Concern | 0 | ||||||
O. incubacea | Least Concern | 17 | ||||||
O. lutea | Least Concern | Least Concern | 26 | |||||
O. normanii | Endangered | Endangered | 0 | |||||
O. panattensis | Endangered | 0 | ||||||
Ophrys scolopax subsp. apiformis | Critically Endangered | 1 | ||||||
O. scolopax. subsp. conradiae | Vulnerable | |||||||
O. sicula | Least Concern | 11 | ||||||
O. speculum | Least Concern | Least Concern | 18 | |||||
O. sphegodes subsp. praecox | Vulnerable | 0 | ||||||
O. subfusca subsp. liveranii | Least Concern | Least Concern | 0 | |||||
O. tenthredinifera | Least Concern | Least Concern | ||||||
Orchis | ||||||||
O. anthropophora | Least Concern | Least Concern | 61 | |||||
O. brancifortii | Least Concern | Endangered | 2 | |||||
O.italica | Least Concern | Endangered | ||||||
Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae | Vulnerable | 0 | ||||||
O. provincialis | Least Concern | Least Concern | 26 | 1 | ||||
O. purpurea | Least Concern | Endangered | 29 | |||||
Platanthera | ||||||||
P. algeriensis | Near Threatened | Vulnerable | 4 | |||||
P.kuenkelei subsp. kuenkelei var. sardoa | Critically Endangered | Critically Endangered | 8 | |||||
Serapias | ||||||||
S. cordigera | Least Concern | Least Concern | 12 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||
S. lingua | Least Concern | Least Concern | 19 | 6 | 17 | 9 | ||
S. nurrica | Near Threatened | Vulnerable | 5 | |||||
S. parviflora | Least Concern | Least Concern | 11 | 3 | 19 | 12 | ||
Spiranthes | ||||||||
S. aestivalis | Data Deficient | Vulnerable | 12 | |||||
S. spiralis | Least Concern | Least Concern | 47 |
Hybrid | Parental Species | Distribution |
---|---|---|
Anacamptis × bornemannii Asch. | Anacamptis papilionacea × Anacamptis longicornu | W-Medit. |
Anacamptis × caccabaria Verguin | Anacamptis laxiflora × Anacamptis papilionacea | Medit.-Atl. |
Anacamptis × sarcidani Scrugli et Grasso | Anacamptis laxiflora × Anacamptis longicornu | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × barbaricina M. Allard et M.P.Grasso | Ophrys speculum × Ophrys morisii | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × cosana H. Baumann et Kunkele | Ophrys bombyliflora × Ophrys incubacea | W-Medit. |
Ophrys × daissiorum (H. Baumann, Giotta, Künkele, Lorenz & Piccitto) P. Delforge | Ophrys holoserica subsp. chestermanii × Ophrys morisii | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × domus-maria M.P. Grasso | Ophrys apifera × Ophrys morisii | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × fernandii Rolfe | Ophrys bombyliflora × Ophrys speculum | W-Medit. |
Ophrys × heraultii G. Keller ex Schrenk | Ophrys tenthredinifera× Ophrys speculum | Medit. |
Ophrys × laconensis Scrugli et Grasso | Ophrys exaltata subsp. morisii × Ophrys tenthredinifera | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × maladroxiensis Scrugli, Todde e Cogoni | Ophrys exaltata subsp. morisii × Ophrys holoserica subsp. annae | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × manfredoniae O. & E. Danesch | Ophrys incubacea × Ophrys tenthredinifera | W-Medit. |
Ophrys × sommieri E.G. Camus ex Cortesi | Ophrys bombyliflora × Ophrys tenthredinifera | Medit. |
Ophrys × spanui P. Delforge | Ophrys holoserica subsp. annae × Ophrys tenthredinifera | Endem. SA-CO |
Ophrys × sulcitana Scrugli, Todde e Cogoni | Ophrys holoserica subsp. annae × Ophrys bombyliflora | Endem. SA |
Ophrys × tavignanensis H. & J.M. Mathé & M. Pena | Ophrys eleonorae × Ophrys incubacea | W-Medit. |
Orchis × penzigiana A. Camus nsubsp. sardoa Scrugli et Grasso | Orchis provincialis × Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae | Endem. SA |
Serapias × ambigua Rouy | Serapias cordigera × Serapias lingua | Medit.-Atl. |
Serapias × cortoghianae, Grasso M.P | Serapias nurrica × Serapias cordigera | W-Medit. |
Serapias × semilingua E.G. Camus et al. | Serapias lingua × Serapias parviflora | Medit.-Atl. |
Chorological Rank | Taxa |
---|---|
Endem. SA | Ophrys holoserica subsp. chestermanii |
Endem. SA | Ophrys normanii |
Endem. SA | Ophrys fusca subsp. ortuabis |
Endem. SA | Ophrys panattensis |
Endem. SA | Ophrys subfusca subsp. liveranii |
Endem. SA-CO | Ophrys holoserica subsp. annae |
Endem. SA-CO | Ophrys funerea |
Endem. SA-CO | Ophrys exaltata subsp. morisii |
Endem. SA-CO | Ophrys scolopax subsp. conradiae |
Endem. SA-CO | Ophrys sphegodes subsp. praecox |
Endem. SA-CO | Orchis mascula subsp. ichnusae |
Endem. SA-SI | Orchis brancifortii |
Endem. SA-TU | Platanthera kuenkelei subsp. kuenkelei var. sardoa |
I | II | III | IV | V | VI | VII | VIII | IX | X | XI | XII | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anacamptis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. collina | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. fragrans | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. laxiflora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. longicornu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. palustris | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. papilionacea subsp. grandiflora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. papilionacea subsp. papilionacea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
A. pyramidalis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cephalanthera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
C. damasonium | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
C. longifolia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
C. rubra | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dactylorhiza | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
D. elata subsp. sesquipedalis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
D. insularis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Epipactis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. helleborine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. helleborine subsp. muelleri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. microphylla | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. palustris | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. persica subsp. exilis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
E. tremolsii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gennaria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
G. diphylla | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Himantoglossum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
H. robertianum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
H. hircinum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Limodorum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
L. abortivum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
L. trabutianum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Neotinea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
N. lactea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
N. maculata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
N. tridentata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Neottia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
N. nidus-avis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
N. ovata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ophrys | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. apifera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. bombyliflora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. eleonorae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. exaltata subsp. morisii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. funerea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. fusca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. fusca subsp. ortuabis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. garganica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. holoserica subsp. annae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. holoserica subsp. chestermanii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. incubacea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. lutea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. normanii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. panattensis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O.scolopax subsp. apiformis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. scolopax. subsp. conradiae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. sicula | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. speculum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. sphegodes subsp. praecox | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. subfusca subsp. liveranii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. tenthredinifera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Orchis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. anthropophora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. brancifortii | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. italica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. mascula subsp. ichnusae | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. provincialis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
O. purpurea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Platanthera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
P. algeriensis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
P.kuenkelei subsp. kuenkelei var. sardoa | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Serapias | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. cordigera | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. lingua | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. nurrica | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. parviflora | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Spiranthes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. aestivalis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
S. spiralis |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Lussu, M.; Marignani, M.; Lai, R.; Loi, M.C.; Cogoni, A.; Cortis, P. A Synopsis of Sardinian Studies: Why Is it Important to Work on Island Orchids? Plants 2020, 9, 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070853
Lussu M, Marignani M, Lai R, Loi MC, Cogoni A, Cortis P. A Synopsis of Sardinian Studies: Why Is it Important to Work on Island Orchids? Plants. 2020; 9(7):853. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070853
Chicago/Turabian StyleLussu, Michele, Michela Marignani, Roberta Lai, Maria Cecilia Loi, Annalena Cogoni, and Pierluigi Cortis. 2020. "A Synopsis of Sardinian Studies: Why Is it Important to Work on Island Orchids?" Plants 9, no. 7: 853. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070853