Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Tomato Plants Inoculated with G. Margarita Showed Low Root Colonization Levels
2.2. Combined Water and Nutrients Stress Has a Negative Impact on Tomato Growth which is not Alleviated by Mycorrhization
2.3. Plant Genes, Marker of a Functional AM Symbiosis, are Modulated by CaGg
3. Discussion
3.1. The Combination G. Margarita/Tomato cv “M82” Does not Exploit the Benefits of the Symbiosis
3.2. The Endobacterium Living in G. Margarita Modulates Molecular Responses of Tomato
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials, Experimental Set-Up and Sampling
4.2. RNA Isolation and Processing
4.3. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (RT-qPCR)
4.4. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SL | SFW | RFW | SPAD | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Factor | df | F | p | F | p | F | p | F | p |
CS | 1 | 37.058 | 0.000 | 25.013 | 0.000 | 97.428 | 0.000 | 18.124 | 0.000 |
AM colonization | 1 | 0.972 | 0.328 | 15.854 | 0.000 | 1.2875 | 0.261 | 1.586 | 0.213 |
Time point | 1 | 1.299 | 0.257 | 31.937 | 0.000 | 6.505 | 0.014 | 28.480 | 0.000 |
AM colonization × endobacteria | 1 | 0.043 | 0.836 | 1.427 | 0.237 | 0.169 | 0.683 | 2.871 | 0.096 |
CS × AM colonization | 1 | 0.881 | 0.352 | 2.630 | 0.110 | 0.550 | 0.461 | 0.054 | 0.817 |
CS × time point | 1 | 10.290 | 0.002 | 2.636 | 0.100 | 0.299 | 0.587 | 0.343 | 0.561 |
AM colonization × time point | 1 | 3.033 | 0.087 | 4.089 | 0.048 | 6.502 | 0.014 | 2.503 | 0.119 |
CS × AM colonization × endobacteria | 0.000 | 0.993 | 2.25 | 0.139 | 0.136 | 0.714 | 3.108 | 0.084 | |
AM colonization × endobacteria × time point | 1 | 0.117 | 0.734 | 1.267 | 0.265 | 0.742 | 0.393 | 0.063 | 0.802 |
CS × AM colonization × time point | 1 | 12.593 | 0.001 | 2.069 | 0.156 | 0.116 | 0.735 | 0.359 | 0.552 |
CS × AM colonization × endobacteria x time point | 1 | 6.299 | 0.015 | 7.799 | 0.007 | 2.645 | 0.110 | 0.423 | 0.518 |
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Chialva, M.; Lanfranco, L.; Guazzotti, G.; Santoro, V.; Novero, M.; Bonfante, P. Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress. Plants 2020, 9, 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070886
Chialva M, Lanfranco L, Guazzotti G, Santoro V, Novero M, Bonfante P. Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress. Plants. 2020; 9(7):886. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070886
Chicago/Turabian StyleChialva, Matteo, Luisa Lanfranco, Gianluca Guazzotti, Veronica Santoro, Mara Novero, and Paola Bonfante. 2020. "Gigaspora margarita and Its Endobacterium Modulate Symbiotic Marker Genes in Tomato Roots under Combined Water and Nutrient Stress" Plants 9, no. 7: 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9070886