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Volume 12
Issue 14
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Healthcare, Volume 12, Issue 14 (July-2 2024) – 93 articles

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16 pages, 1351 KiB  
Review
The Interrelationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Emotional Well-Being: Current Concepts and Future Prospects
by Polyxeni Mangoulia, Charalampos Milionis, Eugenia Vlachou and Ioannis Ilias
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141457 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 664
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disorder that impacts people’s well-being and biopsychosocial status. Psychiatric problems and diabetes mellitus have a complex, reciprocal interaction in which one condition affects the other. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the literature on [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disorder that impacts people’s well-being and biopsychosocial status. Psychiatric problems and diabetes mellitus have a complex, reciprocal interaction in which one condition affects the other. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of the literature on the psychological effects of diabetes, expound on the evaluation of emotional disorders in the setting of diabetes, and suggest interventions aimed at enhancing both mental and physical health. Diabetes can make daily life complicated and stressful. Frequent blood glucose testing, taking medications on a regular basis, adhering to a tight diet plan, and exercising are some examples of the suggested daily routine of subjects with diabetes. Furthermore, comorbid diseases and typical diabetic complications can have a detrimental impact on quality of life. When mental health conditions coexist with diabetes mellitus, there is a greater likelihood of medication noncompliance, a decreased commitment to diabetes-related self-care, increased functional impairment, inadequate glycemic control, a higher risk of complications, and overall higher healthcare expenses. Thus, evaluation of the mental health status of patients with diabetes is crucial. When treating psychological issues and psychiatric disorders, a comprehensive biopsychosocial approach should be taken, and where appropriate, psychopharmacological therapies or psychotherapy should be applied. The goal of continuous education and assistance for self-care is to give individuals with the disease the information and abilities they need to control their condition over time. Full article
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19 pages, 687 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Role of Nursing in the Management of Chemotherapy Extravasation: A Systematic Review Regarding Public Health
by Antonio Antúnez-Blancat, Francisco-Javier Gago-Valiente, Juan-Jesús García-Iglesias and Dolores Merino-Navarro
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141456 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 609
Abstract
The scientific literature was reviewed with the aim of analysing the state of the art on the role of nursing in the management of chemotherapy extravasation, recognising the possible risk factors and identifying effective training programmes for nurses. WOS, Scopus, and PubMed databases [...] Read more.
The scientific literature was reviewed with the aim of analysing the state of the art on the role of nursing in the management of chemotherapy extravasation, recognising the possible risk factors and identifying effective training programmes for nurses. WOS, Scopus, and PubMed databases were used to perform the searches. Papers that met the inclusion criteria and that had been published in the last 9 years were selected. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) instrument was applied to the selected studies. In addition, this research was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (ID: 512480). Out of the 23 initially selected articles, a total of 9 articles were eventually included, since they met the eligibility criteria that were established after a more exhaustive analysis, which included reading their abstracts and full texts. The results show that the management of chemotherapy extravasation is closely related to factors that largely depend on the nursing staff. Among the most relevant findings are factors including the identification of the nursing role in the management of extravasation due to chemotherapy; risk factors; and effective training programmes for nursing. Nurses play a crucial role throughout the entire process of treatment, prevention, and health education in chemotherapy treatment. Training programmes for nurses are fundamental, as they increase their professional competence and improve the safety of the patient. Adequate knowledge of chemotherapy treatment and the risk factors of extravasation are basic elements for the prevention of this type of injury, as well as for the improvement of the quality of life of patients under this kind of intravenous therapy. Full article
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8 pages, 1167 KiB  
Case Report
Generalized Telangiectasia as a Hallmark of Intravascular Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
by Weiwei Zhang and Ying Tang
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1455; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141455 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 523
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman had remarkably generalized telangiectasia. Large atypical lymphoid cells were found within the lumen of small vessels, and CD20 was positive in her third skin biopsy. She was diagnosed with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) and went into remission of the [...] Read more.
A 55-year-old woman had remarkably generalized telangiectasia. Large atypical lymphoid cells were found within the lumen of small vessels, and CD20 was positive in her third skin biopsy. She was diagnosed with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) and went into remission of the skin manifestations after seven courses of R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) and four courses of intravenous high-dose methotrexate (HD MTX). To our knowledge, this is the first case report of IVLBCL with generalized telangiectasia in China. From a review of the literature, we found that generalized telangiectasia is a remarkable manifestation of intravascular lymphoma, and the differential diagnosis of intravascular lymphoma and panniculitis or vasculitis is very important. When the diagnosis is confusing, multiple skin biopsies are useful. Full article
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12 pages, 389 KiB  
Article
Towards a Healthy Diet in an Adolescent Population: The Mediating Role of Motivation and Perceived Barriers between Self-Efficacy and Weight Regulation
by María Marentes-Castillo, Isabel Castillo, Inés Tomás and Octavio Álvarez
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141454 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 619
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical period when dietary choices are a major concern. It is therefore important to understand the psychological factors that explain these choices. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive role of perceived self-efficacy for healthy [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical period when dietary choices are a major concern. It is therefore important to understand the psychological factors that explain these choices. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive role of perceived self-efficacy for healthy eating and weight regulation on healthy and unhealthy eating behavior through the mediation of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, amotivation, and perceived barriers to daily mechanisms affecting healthy consumption. (2) Methods: A total of 994 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old from Mexico and Spain participated in the study. The Spanish versions of the healthy eating and weight self-efficacy questionnaire, the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire, the barriers to healthy eating scale, and the weight-related behaviors scale questionnaire were used to measure the variables of interest. (3) Results: Mediated serial regression analysis showed that barriers to healthy eating (the daily mechanism of food consumption) reduced healthy eating choices. Healthy eating and weight self-efficacy also showed a positive significant relationship with autonomous motivation and a negative relationship with controlled motivation and amotivation. All the types of motivation showed a positive relationship with barriers to healthy eating. (4) Conclusions: The results point out the need to enhance self-efficacy, promote autonomous motivation, and reduce perceived barriers in young people with respect to healthy eating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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9 pages, 811 KiB  
Brief Report
Brief Teaching Intervention Improves Medical Students’ Dermatology Diagnostic Skills and Comfort in Performing Dermatology Exams
by Cristina Ricco, Babar K. Rao, Amy S. Pappert and Kristen M. Coppola
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141453 - 22 Jul 2024
Viewed by 597
Abstract
Background: Skin disease is a significant contributor to the global disease burden, with dermatologic health disparities adding to this burden. Internists, general practitioners, and other medical professionals often manage skin disease with limited exposure to dermatologic education in medical school. Objective: This study [...] Read more.
Background: Skin disease is a significant contributor to the global disease burden, with dermatologic health disparities adding to this burden. Internists, general practitioners, and other medical professionals often manage skin disease with limited exposure to dermatologic education in medical school. Objective: This study evaluated a brief educational intervention for medical students to improve dermatologic knowledge, diagnostic and communication skills, and comfort in performing dermatology-focused physical exams. A secondary focus of the intervention was to promote awareness of skin disease, detection, and prevention for patients with a variety of skin tones. Methods: Sixty-five first through fourth-year students at Rutgers RWJMS participated in a pre-test–post-test within-subject study. Students described images using open-ended responses followed by multiple-choice identification questions. Students watched a one-hour self-paced module created by a licensed dermatologist and completed a follow-up assessment. Results: At pre-test, descriptions were brief and often inaccurate but significantly improved post-intervention to include descriptors such as primary morphology and demarcation. Accuracy on diagnostic and management questions significantly improved and comfort in advising patients and performing dermatologic exams significantly increased. Conclusions: A low-cost, brief, self-paced module can augment dermatologic education for medical students while increasing exposure to multiple skin tone presentations of lesions. Full article
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16 pages, 3271 KiB  
Article
Effect of Online Clinic on Follow-Up Compliance and Survival Outcomes in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Real-World Cohort Study from Endemic Area
by Siqi Chen, Chenyang Feng, Peng Sun, Jingrong Zhang and Hu Liang
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1452; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141452 - 21 Jul 2024
Viewed by 615
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) requires regular follow-up to detect recurrence as early as possible. However, many patients are unable to regularly follow up due to the inconvenience of the conventional approach. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the impact of the online clinic [...] Read more.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) requires regular follow-up to detect recurrence as early as possible. However, many patients are unable to regularly follow up due to the inconvenience of the conventional approach. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the impact of the online clinic on follow-up compliance and prognosis in NPC patients. Patients who were first diagnosed with NPC between April 2019 and November 2019 were enrolled. Good follow-up compliance was defined as having at least one follow-up visit every 6 months within 2 years after treatment completion. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a propensity score matching model. A total of 539 (42%) patients used online follow-up while 731 (58%) used traditional follow-up. The median age of patients in the online cohort was lower than that in the traditional cohort (44 vs. 47, p < 0.001). Compared with the traditional cohort, the online cohort had significantly better follow-up compliance (57.3% vs. 17.1%, p < 0.001) and a higher 2-year PFS rate (98.1% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.003). Survival analysis showed that online follow-up was an independent factor for better survival prognosis (HR 0.39, 95%CI 0.20–0.74, p = 0.004). Sensitivity analysis further confirmed these results. Our study found that the online clinic increased follow-up compliance and improved prognosis in NPC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthcare Big Data and Innovation in Health Management)
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13 pages, 259 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Impact of Knowledge about the Human Papillomavirus and Its Vaccine on Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination among Adults in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia
by Fahad T. Alsulami
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141451 - 20 Jul 2024
Viewed by 704
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate knowledge about HPV and its vaccine, additionally, to examine the effect of knowledge about HPV and its vaccine on perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was [...] Read more.
Objective: To evaluate knowledge about HPV and its vaccine, additionally, to examine the effect of knowledge about HPV and its vaccine on perceived benefits and barriers to HPV vaccination among individuals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed in the western region of Saudi Arabia through a self-administered web-based survey. The survey assessed knowledge, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers to HPV vaccination. Results: A total of 1149 eligible participants completed the survey. Participants exhibited limited knowledge of HPV and its vaccine, with an average total score of 4.76 out of 15. Over 80% of participants were unaware that HPV may not show symptoms, cannot lead to HIV, and is not treatable with antibiotics. Over half were unaware that HPV can cause cervical cancer, oral cancer, or genital warts. Unmarried and graduate-educated participants demonstrated greater knowledge. Perceived benefits were positively associated with knowledge levels, while perceived barriers were negatively associated with knowledge levels after controlling for other variables. Conclusions: This study highlights the need for education and healthcare efforts to raise knowledge about HPV and its vaccine in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Also, this study indicated that enhanced knowledge boosts positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, while reducing perceived barriers, thereby increasing vaccination rates. Full article
8 pages, 981 KiB  
Article
Lung Ultrasound Score in Neonatal RDS: Agreement between Sonography Expert and Neonatologists with Varying Levels of Experience
by Joanna Puskarz-Gąsowska, Piotr Kruczek, Roman Hożejowski, Małgorzata Stefańska, Witold Błaż, Iwona Sadowska-Krawczenko, Urszula Majewska and Renata Bokiniec
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1450; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141450 - 20 Jul 2024
Viewed by 490
Abstract
This study aimed to assess interrater agreement in lung ultrasound scores (LUS) among neonatologists with varying experience levels and an expert sonographer. A post hoc analysis was conducted on data from a prospective multicenter study involving 155 infants born <34 weeks’ gestation, all [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess interrater agreement in lung ultrasound scores (LUS) among neonatologists with varying experience levels and an expert sonographer. A post hoc analysis was conducted on data from a prospective multicenter study involving 155 infants born <34 weeks’ gestation, all with respiratory distress syndrome. A total of 629 lung scans were performed and video-recorded by 21 point-of-care sonographers, including both experienced (n = 7) and inexperienced (n = 14) evaluators. Subsequently, a blinded expert sonographer re-evaluated the assigned LUS values. The Cohen’s kappa statistic for individual pulmonary field assessments ranged from 0.89 to 0.93, indicating nearly perfect agreement. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) confirmed excellent reliability on total LUS values, demonstrating similar performance of experienced (ICC = 0.92, 95% CI 0.90–0.94) and inexperienced sonographers (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI 0.92–0.94). This study underscores that lung ultrasound is easily learned, and LUS exhibits outstanding reproducibility, irrespective of the sonographer’s level of experience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 10th Anniversary of Healthcare—Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine)
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9 pages, 226 KiB  
Perspective
Applying a Primary Health Care Approach to Closing the Human Resource for Health Gaps for Immunization
by Folake Olayinka, Thomas S. O’Connell, Christopher Morgan, Maria Fernanda Monzon, Tokunbo Oshin, Tova Tampe, Alexandra Reed, Giorgio Cometto, Adolphus Trokon Clarke, Muhammad Ahmad Kazi and Jessica C. Shearer
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141449 - 20 Jul 2024
Viewed by 839
Abstract
This perspective is focused on the evidence on human resources for health (HRH) solutions for immunization, as a part of a primary health care (PHC) approach.. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and 50 years since the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) [...] Read more.
This perspective is focused on the evidence on human resources for health (HRH) solutions for immunization, as a part of a primary health care (PHC) approach.. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and 50 years since the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) clocks 50 years since its inception. was initiated, evidence and experience demonstrate the significant HRH gaps in many countries and globally, and how countries are seeking innovative ways of closing them with limited resources. The aim of this perspective article is to highlight the growing gap between the needs and the realities related to health workforce for PHC, including immunization, and to call for increasing the visibility of HRH within global and national immunization agendas. This perspective highlights key guidelines and tools to improve HRH, such as integrating immunization and primary health care, addressing the mental health needs of the health workforce, addressing gender-related issues, rationalizing the roles and composition of PHC workforce teams, and meeting the surge requirements related to health emergencies. Full article
19 pages, 1789 KiB  
Article
Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of 360-Degree Virtual Reality-Based Educational Intervention for Adult Patients Undergoing Colonoscopy
by Minju Gwag and Jaeyong Yoo
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1448; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141448 - 20 Jul 2024
Viewed by 629
Abstract
Providing patients with accurate and organized information about colonoscopy, while reducing anxiety, is critical to the procedure’s success. This study evaluated the impact of an immersive 360° virtual reality (VR)-based educational intervention for first-time adult colonoscopy patients regarding anxiety, attitudes, knowledge, compliance with [...] Read more.
Providing patients with accurate and organized information about colonoscopy, while reducing anxiety, is critical to the procedure’s success. This study evaluated the impact of an immersive 360° virtual reality (VR)-based educational intervention for first-time adult colonoscopy patients regarding anxiety, attitudes, knowledge, compliance with bowel preparation, and bowel cleanliness. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized pretest–post-test clinical trial was conducted with 40 patients in the experimental group and 40 in the control group. The 360° VR intervention included two sessions: precautions before colonoscopy and the colonoscopy process. The control group received education through individual verbal explanations with written materials. The findings indicated that the VR intervention significantly improved patients’ colonoscopy-related anxiety, attitudes, adherence to bowel preparation instructions, and bowel cleanliness. Utilizing 360° VR as an educational tool has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of educational programs by providing realistic information and engaging patients. These findings suggest that 360° VR has the capacity to enhance screening rates and clinical outcomes by reducing negative perceptions associated with colonoscopy. Furthermore, the application of this method can extend to diverse diagnostic testing-related nursing situations in clinical settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)
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14 pages, 285 KiB  
Article
Factors Affecting the Field Adaptation of Early-Stage Nurses in South Korea
by Eunhee Hwang, Miyeong Kim and Yunkyeong Lee
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1447; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141447 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 552
Abstract
Supporting early-stage nurses to adapt to the field and become proficient in nursing is important to improve the quality of patient care. This study aimed to determine the effects of the nursing work environment, nursing practice readiness, and optimism on the field adaptation [...] Read more.
Supporting early-stage nurses to adapt to the field and become proficient in nursing is important to improve the quality of patient care. This study aimed to determine the effects of the nursing work environment, nursing practice readiness, and optimism on the field adaptation of early-stage nurses. A descriptive survey was conducted among 209 early-stage nurses with ≤3 years of work experience at hospitals. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analysis with the SPSS Program. The participating nurses’ mean field adaptation score was 2.90 ± 0.40 (total score = 5) and a significant positive correlation was found between nursing work environment (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), nursing practice readiness (r = 0.41, p < 0.001), and optimism (r = 0.26, p < 0.001). The regression analysis revealed that the nursing work environment (β = 0.38, p < 0.001), job satisfaction (β = 0.33, p < 0.001), nursing practice readiness (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), and turnover intention (β = 0.17, p = 0.001) significantly affect the field adaptation of early stage nurses; the explanatory power was 56.1% (F = 27.55, p < 0.001). The results suggest that to facilitate the field adaptation of early-stage nurses, the nursing work environment, job satisfaction, and nursing practice readiness should be improved. Improvement in the nursing work environment and the development of additional training for field adaptation would enhance the ability of early-stage nurses to adapt to the field and, consequently, improve the quality of nursing care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nursing)
14 pages, 878 KiB  
Article
Impact of Education as a Social Determinant on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Korean Adults
by Mi-Joon Lee, Bum-Jeun Seo and Yeon-Sook Kim
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1446; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141446 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 547
Abstract
Education is correlated with health literacy, which is a combination of reading and listening skills, data analysis, and decision-making during the necessary health situations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of education on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This [...] Read more.
Education is correlated with health literacy, which is a combination of reading and listening skills, data analysis, and decision-making during the necessary health situations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of education on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This is a population-based cross-sectional study using the 2019 nationwide survey data in Korea. There were 3951 study subjects, after excluding participants with missing data for key exposures and outcome variables. Descriptive statistics, χ2 (chi-square) test, and logistic regression were performed to analyze the data. The prevalence of T2DM was associated with educational attainment, sex, age, smoking status, physical activity, carbohydrate intake, and obesity. In the logistic regression model, the odds ratio (OR) of having T2DM was much lower among people educated in college or higher (OR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.34–0.64) than those with only or without primary education after adjusting for biological factors (sex, age) and health behaviors (smoking status, physical activity, carbohydrate intake, and obesity). This study shows that educational attainment is a significant social determinant influencing health outcomes both directly and indirectly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop policies to reduce the health inequity of T2DM caused by differences in educational attainment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social, Economic and Political Determinants of Health and Health Equity)
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14 pages, 256 KiB  
Article
Empowering Nurse Health Education: Linguistic and Cultural Validation of the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument (NHECI) in the Italian Context
by Ippolito Notarnicola, Blerina Duka, Marzia Lommi, Emanuela Prendi, Elena Cristofori, Tiziana Mele, Dhurata Ivziku, Gennaro Rocco and Alessandro Stievano
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1445; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141445 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Background: Nurses worldwide are acknowledged for their role in health education across various settings. However, doubts often arise regarding their competence in this domain. This study aims to validate the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument (NHECI) linguistically and culturally in the Italian context. [...] Read more.
Background: Nurses worldwide are acknowledged for their role in health education across various settings. However, doubts often arise regarding their competence in this domain. This study aims to validate the Nurse Health Education Competence Instrument (NHECI) linguistically and culturally in the Italian context. Methods: Following Beaton et al.’s (2000) guidelines, we conducted cross-cultural adaptation to develop the Italian version of the questionnaire. Results: The Italian version demonstrates a good internal consistency and stability, making it suitable for assessing nursing students during clinical internships and practicing nurses. The availability of Italian tools promotes healthcare research, ensuring patient-centric care. Conclusions: The validity and reliability of the Italian version of the instrument for assessing health education competencies, essential for self-assessment among health education nurses, are established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nursing Competencies: New Advances in Nursing Care)
9 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
Association between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients with Postoperative Defecatory Dysfunction: A Preliminary Survey
by Hiromi Nakagawa, Sho Hatanaka, Yoshimi Kato, Shinobu Matsumoto, Kiyoji Tanaka and Hiroyuki Sasai
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141444 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 533
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with postoperative defecatory dysfunction. A survey using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-30 and QLQ-29 was [...] Read more.
In this study, we aimed to explore the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with postoperative defecatory dysfunction. A survey using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-30 and QLQ-29 was conducted among 62 adult outpatients with CRC at two cancer hospitals in Japan. PA and sedentary behavior were evaluated using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis was performed, incorporating the QoL as the outcome, with the total PA and its three domains (occupational, transportation, and recreational) and sedentary time as exposures, while controlling for age, sex, and tumor location. The analyses revealed that patients engaged in PA ≥ 150 min/week (67.4 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.1, 113.8) and recreational PA ≥ 30 min/week (56.0 points; 95% CI: 2.3, 109.7) had significantly higher function scores. Conversely, sedentary time >8 h/day or occupational PA duration ≥30 min/week was associated with poor symptom and function scores. These findings highlight the importance of promoting recreational PA and reducing sedentary behavior to maintain and improve the QoL in CRC patients with defecatory dysfunction. Full article
17 pages, 688 KiB  
Article
Long COVID among Brazilian Adults and Elders 12 Months after Hospital Discharge: A Population-Based Cohort Study
by Maria Aparecida Salci, Lígia Carreira, Natan Nascimento Oliveira, Natan David Pereira, Eduardo Rocha Covre, Giovanna Brichi Pesce, Rosana Rosseto Oliveira, Carla Franciele Höring, Wanessa Cristina Baccon, Jesús Puente Alcaraz, Giovana Alves Santos, Ludmila Lopes Maciel Bolsoni, Andrés Gutiérrez Carmona, João Ricardo Nickenig Vissoci, Luiz Augusto Facchini and Carlos Laranjeira
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1443; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141443 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 755
Abstract
The persistence of symptoms for more than three months following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is referred to as “Long COVID”. To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology and long-term progression of symptoms, this study aims to analyze the [...] Read more.
The persistence of symptoms for more than three months following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is referred to as “Long COVID”. To gain a deeper understanding of the etiology and long-term progression of symptoms, this study aims to analyze the prevalence of Long COVID and its associated factors in a cohort of Brazilian adults and elders, twelve months after hospital discharge. An observational, prospective, and follow-up study was performed with a cohort of adults and older adults diagnosed with COVID-19 in 2020 in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Twelve months after hospital discharge, patients answered a phone questionnaire about the persistence of symptoms after three levels of exposure to COVID-19’s acute phase (ambulatory, medical ward, and intensive care unit). According to the characteristics of participants, the prevalence of Long COVID-19 was calculated, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. We analyzed data from 1822 participants (980 adults [≥18–<60 years] and 842 older people [≥60 years]) across three exposure levels. The overall Long COVID prevalence was 64.2%. Long COVID was observed in 646 adults (55%; of which 326 were women) and 523 older people (45%; of which 284 were women). Females had a higher prevalence of long-term symptoms (52%) compared with men. The most common post-COVID-19 conditions in the 12-month follow-up were neurological (49.8%), followed by musculoskeletal (35.1%) and persistent respiratory symptoms (26.5%). Male individuals were less likely to develop Long COVID (aOR = 0.50). Other determinants were also considered risky, such as the presence of comorbidities (aOR = 1.41). Being an adult and having been hospitalized was associated with the development of Long COVID. The risk of developing Long COVID was twice as high for ward patients (aOR = 2.53) and three times as high for ICU patients (aOR = 3.56) when compared to non-hospitalized patients. Presenting clinical manifestations of digestive (aOR = 1.56), endocrine (aOR = 2.14), cutaneous (aOR = 2.51), musculoskeletal (aOR = 2.76) and psychological systems (aOR = 1.66) made adults more likely to develop Long COVID. Long COVID was present in a large proportion of people affected by the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Presence of Long COVID symptoms displayed a dose–response relationship with the level of disease exposure, with a greater prevalence of symptoms associated with the severe form in the acute period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health before, during, and after COVID-19)
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24 pages, 1445 KiB  
Article
Utilising an Allied Health Practitioner Capability Audit and Confidence Survey to Identify Implications for Telehealth Safety and Risk—A Chronicle of a Health Service Improvement Activity
by Raeleen Parker, Hayley Gough and E-Liisa Laakso
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141442 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 623
Abstract
Whilst the benefits of telehealth were identified during the COVID-19 pandemic, we noted barriers to its use at a vital time. Through a health service improvement approach, we sought to increase allied health professional capability in telehealth, but we also sought to understand [...] Read more.
Whilst the benefits of telehealth were identified during the COVID-19 pandemic, we noted barriers to its use at a vital time. Through a health service improvement approach, we sought to increase allied health professional capability in telehealth, but we also sought to understand if there were risks associated with its use. We designed and implemented tools to evaluate allied health professional competence and confidence in using telehealth with private and public patients in a metropolitan teaching hospital setting. With an emphasis on technology capability, we undertook audits over three consecutive years (2020 to 2022) of allied health professional telehealth occasions of service reporting on compliance with the audit criteria and investigating staff confidence in undertaking telehealth sessions using a co-designed survey. The audit tool and confidence survey results were used to identify risk factors to telehealth service delivery using a Modified Health Failure Modes, Effects Analysis. Although confidence levels were relatively high among staff, confidence in managing safety factors and technology risks associated with telehealth were not initially verified by the audit findings. Remedial efforts resulted in service improvements in many identified risk factors, yet technology performance and its troubleshooting remained a primary variable in the ability of staff to comply with the requirements of the real-time audits. Health workers using telehealth should have training to engage safely and effectively in telehealth care and the technology. Full article
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25 pages, 1074 KiB  
Systematic Review
Relationship of Genetic Polymorphisms and Microbial Composition with Binge Eating Disorder: A Systematic Review
by Montserrat Monserrat Hernández and Diana Jiménez-Rodríguez
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1441; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141441 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 799
Abstract
Humans are the result of an evolutionary process, and because of this, many biological processes are interconnected with each other. The intestine–brain axis consists of an intricately connected neuronal–neuroendocrine circuit that regulates the sensation of hunger and satiety. Genetic variations and the consumption [...] Read more.
Humans are the result of an evolutionary process, and because of this, many biological processes are interconnected with each other. The intestine–brain axis consists of an intricately connected neuronal–neuroendocrine circuit that regulates the sensation of hunger and satiety. Genetic variations and the consumption of unnatural diets (ultra-processed foods, high contents of sugars, etc.) can override this circuit and cause addiction to certain foods and/or the inability to feel satiety in certain situations. The patients who come to consultations (mainly psychology or nutrition) in an attempt to resolve this problem sometimes fail, which leads to them looking for new strategies based on biological predisposition. This investigation aims to evaluate the genetic studies regarding the microbiota carried out in the last 12 years in humans to try to determine which genes and microbes that have been recently studied are related to patients diagnosed with binge eating disorder or compulsive eating (presenting obesity or not). The protocol followed the PRISMA statement, and the following databases were searched from 2012 until the present day: PubMed, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Twenty-four international articles were analyzed, including cross-sectional or exploratory studies; five of them referred to the microbial composition, and in nineteen, the existence of genetic polymorphisms present in binge eating disorder or in compulsive eating could be observed: DRD2, OPRM1, COMT, MC4R, BNDF, FTO, SLC6A3, GHRL, CARTPT, MCHR2, and LRP11. Even though there is still much to investigate on the subject, it must be highlighted that, in the last 4 years, a two-fold increase has been observed in potential markers and in studies related to the matter, also highlighting the importance of different analyses in relation to psychosocial factors and their interaction with the genetic and microbial factors, for which research on the matter must be continued. Full article
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16 pages, 664 KiB  
Article
Unpacking Perceptions on Patient Safety: A Study of Nursing Home Staff in Italy
by Ilaria Tocco Tussardi, Stefano Tardivo, Maria Angela Mazzi, Michela Rimondini, Donatella Visentin, Isolde Martina Busch, Emanuele Torri and Francesca Moretti
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141440 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 572
Abstract
Nursing homes (NHs) are crucial for de-hospitalization and addressing the needs of non-self-sufficient individuals with complex health issues. This study investigates the patient safety culture (PSC) in NHs within a northern Italian region, focusing on factor influencing overall safety perceptions and their contributions [...] Read more.
Nursing homes (NHs) are crucial for de-hospitalization and addressing the needs of non-self-sufficient individuals with complex health issues. This study investigates the patient safety culture (PSC) in NHs within a northern Italian region, focusing on factor influencing overall safety perceptions and their contributions to subjective judgements of safety. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 25 NHs in the Autonomous Province of Trento. The Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture (NHSPSC) was utilized to assess PSC among NH staff. Multilevel linear regression and post hoc dominance analyses were conducted to investigate variabilities in PSC among staff and NHs and to assess the extent to which PSC dimensions explain overall perceptions of PS. Analysis of 1080 questionnaires (44% response rate) revealed heterogeneity in PSC across dimensions and NHs, with management support, organizational learning, and supervisor expectations significantly influencing overall safety perceptions. Despite some areas of concern, overall safety perceptions were satisfactory. However, the correlation between individual dimensions and overall ratings of safety was moderate, suggesting the need to enhance the maturity level of PSCs. Promoting a shift in PSC could enhance transparency, prioritize resident safety, empower nursing staff, and increase family satisfaction with care provided in NHs. The support provided by management to PSC appears essential to influence NH staff perceptions of PS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Safety Culture Improvement in Healthcare Systems)
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7 pages, 531 KiB  
Brief Report
Enhancing Response Rates in Web-Based Surveys: The Impact of Direct Participant Contact
by Mélanie Suppan, Laurent Suppan, Tal Sarah Beckmann, Caroline Flora Samer and Georges Louis Savoldelli
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1439; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141439 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 521
Abstract
Achieving a high participation rate is a common challenge in healthcare research based on web-based surveys. A study on local anesthetic systemic toxicity awareness and usage among medical practitioners at two Swiss university hospitals encountered resistance in obtaining personal email addresses from Heads [...] Read more.
Achieving a high participation rate is a common challenge in healthcare research based on web-based surveys. A study on local anesthetic systemic toxicity awareness and usage among medical practitioners at two Swiss university hospitals encountered resistance in obtaining personal email addresses from Heads of Departments. Participants were therefore divided into two groups: those who were directly invited via email (personal invitation group) and those who received a generic link through intermediaries (generic link group). The latter group was eventually excluded from survey data analysis. To determine whether one method of survey administration was more effective than another, we carried out a retrospective analysis of response rates and the proportion of new questionnaires completed after initial invitation and subsequent reminders. The results showed significantly higher response rates in the personal invitation group (40.2%, 313/779) compared to the generic link group (25.3%, 22/87), emphasizing the effectiveness of personal invitations on response rate (+14.9%, p = 0.007). The personal invitation group consistently yielded a higher number of completed questionnaires following the initial invitation and each reminder. The method of survey administration can greatly influence response rates and should be acknowledged as a quality criterion when conducting web-based surveys. Full article
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9 pages, 867 KiB  
Article
Assessing Mental Health Conditions in Women with Gestational Diabetes Compared to Healthy Pregnant Women
by Keren Grinberg and Yael Yisaschar-Mekuzas
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141438 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 593
Abstract
Introduction: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) experience higher psychological stress levels than healthy pregnant women. The objectives of the current study were to examine (1) the differences in anxiety, depression, stress, and somatization levels between women diagnosed with GDM and healthy [...] Read more.
Introduction: Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) experience higher psychological stress levels than healthy pregnant women. The objectives of the current study were to examine (1) the differences in anxiety, depression, stress, and somatization levels between women diagnosed with GDM and healthy pregnant women, and (2) the differences in anxiety, depression, stress, and somatization levels among women with well-controlled blood sugar levels compared to those who are not well controlled. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 103 women who had been pregnant at least once, including 40 women diagnosed with GDM and 63 healthy pregnant women. An online questionnaire was distributed that included three parts: socio-demographic parameters, the DASS-21 questionnaire assessing anxiety, depression, and stress, and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) questionnaire assessing somatization. Results: Differences in the anxiety (t = 14.470, <0.001), depression (t = 8.17, <0.001), stress (t = 16.354, <0.001), and somatization (t = 13.679, <0.001) levels between women diagnosed with GDM and healthy pregnant women were found. Women diagnosed with GDM reported higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, and somatization compared to those without GDM. Additionally, women with better blood sugar control, as indicated by lower glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels had lower anxiety (t (38) = −2.04, p < 0.05), depression (t(38) = −2.88, p < 0.01), stress (t(38) = −1.88, p < 0.05), and somatization (t(38) = −1.88, p < 0.05) levels compared to women with poorer blood sugar control. Conclusions: Pregnant women diagnosed with GDM report higher levels of negative mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, stress, and somatization compared to healthy pregnant women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Diversity, Educational Inclusion, Emotional Intelligence, Coping, and Other Factors That Influence Psychological Health and Well-Being)
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16 pages, 260 KiB  
Article
Assessing Women’s Knowledge and Awareness of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Saudi Arabia: A Comprehensive Study
by Nujud Hassan Al-sahli, Zahra Essa Alhammaqi, Raghad Faisal Alruwailiy, Shatha Ahmed Alzahrani, Asma Ahmed Hakami, Ashjan Saeed Al Mansour, Ola Abdu Yahya Khawaji and Hanadi Bakhsh
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1437; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141437 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively assess the knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 600 women aged 18–55 from various regions across the country. The findings revealed moderate overall STI [...] Read more.
This study aimed to comprehensively assess the knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions regarding sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 600 women aged 18–55 from various regions across the country. The findings revealed moderate overall STI knowledge, with gaps in understanding transmission routes (31.7%), recognizing symptoms (40.8%), and awareness of prevention methods (35.2%). Prevalent misconceptions included the belief that STIs can spread through casual contact (38%), only individuals with multiple partners are at risk (30%), and STIs are always symptomatic (32%). Demographic factors such as age, education level, and marital status significantly influenced STI knowledge, while residential area did not. Higher education, particularly bachelor’s degrees and above, was strongly associated with better awareness. Digital platforms like the internet and social media emerged as significant sources of STI information. Undergoing STI testing, discussing STIs with partners, using protection, and receiving the HPV vaccine were linked to higher knowledge levels. This study highlights the need for targeted educational interventions, integration of sexual health education into curricula, training healthcare providers, community engagement, and leveraging digital platforms to enhance STI awareness and prevention efforts among Saudi women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infectious Disease Prevention and Public Health Promotion: Second Edition)
10 pages, 242 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Severity of COVID-19 on the Basis of Examination and Laboratory Diagnostics in Relation to Computed Tomography Imagery of Patients Hospitalised Due to COVID-19—Single-Centre Study
by Tomasz Ilczak, Szymon Skoczynski, Ewa Oclon, Mirosław Kucharski, Tomasz Strejczyk, Marta Jagosz, Antonina Jedynak, Michał Wita, Michał Ćwiertnia, Marek Jędrzejek, Mieczysław Dutka, Wioletta Waksmańska, Rafał Bobiński, Roch Pakuła, Marek Kawecki, Paweł Kukla and Szymon Białka
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1436; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141436 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 558
Abstract
From the moment the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified in December 2019, the COVID-19 disease spread around the world, causing an increase in hospitalisations and deaths. From the beginning of the pandemic, scientists tried to determine the major cause that led to patient deaths. [...] Read more.
From the moment the SARS-CoV-2 virus was identified in December 2019, the COVID-19 disease spread around the world, causing an increase in hospitalisations and deaths. From the beginning of the pandemic, scientists tried to determine the major cause that led to patient deaths. In this paper, the background to creating a research model was diagnostic problems related to early assessment of the degree of damage to the lungs in patients with COVID-19. The study group comprised patients hospitalised in one of the temporary COVID hospitals. Patients admitted to the hospital had confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2. At the moment of admittance, arterial blood was taken and the relevant parameters noted. The results of physical examinations, the use of oxygen therapy and later test results were compared with the condition of the patients in later computed tomography images and descriptions. The point of reference for determining the severity of the patient’s condition in the computer imagery was set for a mild condition as consisting of a percentage of total lung parenchyma surface area affected no greater than 30%, an average condition of between 30% and 70%, and a severe condition as greater than 70% of the lung parenchyma surface area affected. Patients in a mild clinical condition most frequently had mild lung damage on the CT image, similarly to patients in an average clinical condition. Patients in a serious clinical condition most often had average levels of damage on the CT image. On the basis of the collected data, it can be said that at the moment of admittance, BNP, PE and HCO3− levels, selected due to the form of lung damage, on computed tomography differed from one another in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05). Patients can qualify for an appropriate group according to the severity of COVID-19 on the basis of a physical examination and applied oxygen therapy. Patients can qualify for an appropriate group according to the severity of COVID-19 on the basis of BNP, HCO3 and BE parameters obtained from arterial blood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Needle in a Haystack: Looking for Gaps in Treatment and Education in Emergency Medicine)
12 pages, 2039 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Digital Psychotherapy on Suicide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Jinseok Oh, Jonggab Ho, Sanghee Lee and Jin-Hyuck Park
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1435; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141435 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 576
Abstract
Previous studies reported that digital psychotherapy was a clinically beneficial intervention for suicide ideation. However, the effects of digital psychotherapy on other aspects of suicide beyond ideation remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of digital psychotherapy on suicide and depression. Articles [...] Read more.
Previous studies reported that digital psychotherapy was a clinically beneficial intervention for suicide ideation. However, the effects of digital psychotherapy on other aspects of suicide beyond ideation remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of digital psychotherapy on suicide and depression. Articles were identified by searching Cochrane, Google Scholar, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO in line with the PRISMA statement, yielding nine randomized controlled trials. The difference between conditions regarding suicide and depression in the effect size of the individual article was calculated using Hedges’ g. Most digital psychotherapy interventions were based on cognitive behavioral therapy and delivered via apps or the web for at least six weeks. Suicide outcomes primarily focused on suicide ideation. The findings showed digital psychotherapy achieved a significantly larger effect size for suicide (g = 0.488, p < 0.001) and depression (g = 0.316, p < 0.001), compared to controls. Specifically, digital psychotherapy showed a significant effect on both suicide ideation (g = 0.478, p < 0.001) and other suicidal variables (g = 0.330, p < 0.001). These results suggest the effectiveness of digital psychotherapy in reducing suicide and depression compared to traditional face-to-face therapy. Future research should consider a wider range of outcomes and examine the long-term effectiveness of digital psychotherapy to better understand its effects on suicide prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthcare Goes Digital: Mobile Health and Electronic Health Technology in the 21st Century)
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11 pages, 2830 KiB  
Article
Feasibility and Safety of an Eight-Week Exercise Program with the Additional Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation of the Abdominal Muscles
by Denisa Manojlović Ivezić, Jure Žitnik and Nejc Šarabon
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1434; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141434 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
Peripheral magnetic stimulation has recently been introduced as a non-invasive but effective physical agent to improve muscle strength and everyday function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of an exercise program focusing on the abdominal muscles in [...] Read more.
Peripheral magnetic stimulation has recently been introduced as a non-invasive but effective physical agent to improve muscle strength and everyday function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of an exercise program focusing on the abdominal muscles in combination with the peripheral magnetic stimulation of the abdominal muscles. Male and female overweight and obese adults (n = 19) participated in an eight-week exercise program with the additional peripheral magnetic stimulation of the abdominal muscles. Outcome measures included changes in abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness, trunk muscle strength, body composition, and self-reported body satisfaction. Subcutaneous fat thickness was significantly reduced after the intervention (p < 0.01–p < 0.001). Trunk flexion and left side flexion strength increased significantly after the intervention, although no significant changes were observed for trunk extension (p = 0.07) and right side flexion strength (p = 0.13). The body satisfaction self-assessment score significantly increased (p < 0.01), while body mass, body mass index, and fat mass significantly decreased after the intervention (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that an exercise program with the additional peripheral magnetic stimulation is feasible and safe for overweight and obese participants. These results support the use of peripheral magnetic stimulation as a safe adjunct to the voluntary abdominal muscle contraction. Future studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the additional peripheral magnetic stimulation of the abdominal muscles compared to the voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles alone. Full article
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13 pages, 570 KiB  
Review
Recommendations for Upper Limb Motor Recovery: An Overview of the UK and European Rehabilitation after Stroke Guidelines (2023)
by Daniel O’Flaherty and Khalid Ali
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141433 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 784
Abstract
Upper limb impairment is common after stroke, with a significant impact on the stroke survivor’s function, social participation and quality of life. Clinical guidelines are needed to inform clinical practise, tailor interventions to improve outcomes and address unresolved research questions. This review contributes [...] Read more.
Upper limb impairment is common after stroke, with a significant impact on the stroke survivor’s function, social participation and quality of life. Clinical guidelines are needed to inform clinical practise, tailor interventions to improve outcomes and address unresolved research questions. This review contributes to the evidence guiding clinical practise for upper limb motor recovery after stroke by summarising the recommendations from the UK rehabilitation guidelines (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the Intercollegiate Stroke Working Party (ISWP)) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines, all published in 2023. All three guidelines target researchers, clinical practitioners, stroke survivors and their social networks. An important feature in all three guidelines was therapeutic intensity, with all guidelines recommending increased therapeutic intensity. Unlike the ESO, the NICE and ISWP additionally include specific research recommendations. While the NICE guidelines seem more holistic and target a wider audience, the three guidelines are complimentary. We recommend that a future consensus statement should be developed in partnership between all three organisations, agreeing on scope and using the same terminology, on recommendations to improve stroke rehabilitation in the UK and Europe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Risk Factors and Prognosis of Stroke: Global Health Perspective)
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18 pages, 1664 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Motor Imagery on Static and Dynamic Balance and on the Fear of Re-Injury in Professional Football Players with Grade II Ankle Sprains
by George Plakoutsis, Elias Tsepis, Konstantinos Fousekis, Eleftherios Paraskevopoulos and Maria Papandreou
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1432; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141432 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 773
Abstract
Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most frequent athletic injuries in football, causing deficits in balance. Motor Imagery (MI) has been successively included in sports rehabilitation as a complementary therapeutic intervention. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects [...] Read more.
Lateral ankle sprains are one of the most frequent athletic injuries in football, causing deficits in balance. Motor Imagery (MI) has been successively included in sports rehabilitation as a complementary therapeutic intervention. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of MI on static and dynamic balance and on the fear of re-injury in professional football players with Grade II ankle sprains. Fifty-eight participants were randomly allocated into two groups: First—MI group (n = 29) and second—Placebo group (n = 29), and they each received six intervention sessions. The first MI group received MI guidance in addition to the balance training program, while the second Placebo group received only relaxation guidance. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant results for all variables, both before and 4 weeks after the interventions for both groups. The t-test showed statistically significant differences between the two groups for static balance for the right lower extremity (t = 3.25, S (two-tailed) = 0.002, p < 0.05) and also for heart rate (final value) in all time phases. Further research is needed in order to establish MI interventions in sports trauma recovery using stronger MI treatments in combination with psychophysiological factors associated with sports rehabilitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rehabilitation and Care of Musculoskeletal Disorders)
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16 pages, 236 KiB  
Article
Correlation between the Oral and Mental Health of University Students in Serbia—A Cross-Sectional Study
by Nikoleta Janicijevic, Tamara Dimovic, Dalibor Stajic, Nela Djonovic, Dragan Vasiljevic, Melanija Tepavcevic, Milos Stepovic, Simonida Delic, Marko Petrovic, Kristijan Jovanovic, Ermin Fetahovic, Katarina Manojlovic, Ivica Petrovic, Milos Filipovic and Marija Sekulic
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1431; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141431 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 571
Abstract
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation between subjective oral health status and mental health in a group of university students in Serbia. Methods: The study included 948 students, aged between 18 and 27, from the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University [...] Read more.
Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the correlation between subjective oral health status and mental health in a group of university students in Serbia. Methods: The study included 948 students, aged between 18 and 27, from the Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, and was conducted in 2020. The World Health Organization’s Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults was utilized to evaluate the respondents’ self-perceived oral health and oral hygiene practices. The existence of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was used for determining anxiety symptoms. Results: It is observed that 28.9% of respondents exhibit symptoms of depression and 42.3% showed symptoms of anxiety. Results show that students with severe depression and anxiety symptoms very often reported lower self-perceived oral health and oral health problems. Although the nature of this relationship has not been thoroughly evaluated, several studies have shown a mutually dependent connection between oral health and mental health. Conclusions: The results suggest that some aspects of oral health are associated with higher risks of developing symptoms of depression or anxiety, and vice versa. Full article
12 pages, 1177 KiB  
Article
Impact of Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment of Periodontitis Stages 2 and 3 on Oral Health-Related Quality of Life
by Ali J. B. Al-Sharqi, Ali A. Abdulkareem, Sarhang Gul and Andrew Rawlinson
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1430; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141430 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 540
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outcomes. Periodontitis patients (n = 68) with moderately deep [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outcomes. Periodontitis patients (n = 68) with moderately deep periodontal pockets were recruited. Responses to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. All patients received supra- and subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal. All clinical parameters and questionnaire responses were recorded again 3 months after NSPT. Clinical parameters and OHIP-14 scores for both stages of periodontitis were significantly improved 3 months after treatment. However, participants with periodontitis S3 had significantly higher total OHIP-14, physical pain, and functional limitation domains scores than periodontitis S2 cases. Baseline CAL, BOP, and the presence of PPD in anterior teeth were positively associated with increased OHIP-14 scores after NSPT. NSPT improved OHRQoL in participants with periodontitis S2 and S3. This was more pronounced in participants having periodontitis S3 than S2. Poorer OHRQoL could be anticipated in people having severe CAL, high BOP, and presence of pockets in the anterior teeth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Oral Health on Wellbeing and Quality of Life: Second Edition)
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14 pages, 617 KiB  
Article
Allergic Sensitization and Psychosomatic Involvement in Outdoor and Indoor Workers: A Preliminary and Explorative Survey of Motorway Toll Collectors and Office Employees
by Concetto Mario Giorgianni, Gabriella Martino, Silvia Brunetto, Federica Buta, Trine Lund-Jacobsen, Alessandro Tonacci, Sebastiano Gangemi and Luisa Ricciardi
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141429 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 534
Abstract
The incidence of respiratory and cutaneous allergic disorders may be variable if we consider work activity. These disorders are reported in the current literature to have a relevant psychosomatic involvement. The aim of the study was to submit a survey on the self-reported [...] Read more.
The incidence of respiratory and cutaneous allergic disorders may be variable if we consider work activity. These disorders are reported in the current literature to have a relevant psychosomatic involvement. The aim of the study was to submit a survey on the self-reported occurrence of allergic respiratory and cutaneous diseases in outdoor and indoor workers to verify the onset or exacerbations of such pathologies, encourage surveillance, and suggest the need for further studies. Two groups of workers were compared when exposed and not exposed to air pollutants. An outdoor population of motorway toll collectors (153 workers; M: 58.03 years old, SD: 6.1; and female prevalence of 66.01%) and an indoor group of office employees (59 workers; mean age 54.44 years, SD: 8.50; and male prevalence of 61.02%) entered the study. The results of three multivariate analyses of the obtained data, investigating contributions of external factors, including age, sex, smoking habits, working type, and seniority, on allergic conditions were significant in both workers’ groups. The findings highlighted that age and smoking habits were significant contributors to allergic conditions, both independently and in combination with other factors, such as sex and working type. The data suggest the presence of phenomena related to different etiological domains, as already reported in the literature. Through the collection of these data, it was possible to highlight the need to analyze clinical signs from different perspectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Psychology: The State of the Art)
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12 pages, 417 KiB  
Article
Effect of a 12-Week Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Measures of Institutionalized Older Adults—A Pilot Study
by Bernardo Pereira, Diogo Monteiro, Rui Matos, Miguel Jacinto, Nuno Amaro, Raúl Antunes and Filipe Rodrigues
Healthcare 2024, 12(14), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12141428 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 543
Abstract
Institutionalized older adults are characterized by high levels of dependence and low levels of physical activity compared to those living in the community. This combination of factors leads to an increased risk of loss of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can be countered through strength [...] Read more.
Institutionalized older adults are characterized by high levels of dependence and low levels of physical activity compared to those living in the community. This combination of factors leads to an increased risk of loss of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can be countered through strength training. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on the physical fitness of institutionalized older adults. This study included a sample of 31 institutionalized older adults (20 females, 11 males) aged between 65 and 96 years (M = 81.64, SD = 8.67). Participants reported an average institutionalization duration of 2.43 years (SD = 2.20), ranging from half a year to ten years. A 12-week strength training program was implemented, with sessions held twice a week. Strength fitness was assessed through the following parameters: handgrip strength, upper limb muscular endurance, lower limb muscular endurance, agility and balance, body mass index, and waist circumference. The results demonstrated that a 12-week strength training program improved physical fitness in terms of lower limb muscular endurance, upper limb muscular endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < 0.05). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Assessments)
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