The Combination of Galanin (1–15) and Escitalopram in Rats Suggests a New Strategy for Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbidity with Depression
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Experiment 1
2.2.2. Experiment 2
2.2.3. Experiment 3
2.2.4. Behavioural Assessment (SPT)
2.2.5. Saccharin Self-Administration
2.2.6. Ethanol Self-Administration Test
2.2.7. Forced Swimming Test (FST)
2.2.8. Tail Suspension Test (TST)
2.2.9. Elevated Plus Maze (EPM)
2.2.10. Open Field Test (OFT)
2.3. Immunohistochemistry
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Behavioural Effects of the Combination of GAL(1–15) and ESC in SPT and Saccharine Self-Administration Test in Rats
3.1.1. Dose-Response Curve of ESC in SPT and Saccharine Self-Administration Test
3.1.2. GAL(1–15) Enhances the Reduction of Reward Capacity of ESC in the SPT and in the Saccharine Self-Administration Test in Rats
3.2. Behavioural Effects of the Combination of GAL(1–15) and ESC in Rats with Chronic Alcohol Consumption by Self-Administration
3.2.1. The Combination of GAL(1–15) and ESC Induced a Substantial Reduction of Alcohol Intake in the Ethanol Self-Administration Test
3.2.2. In Depression Tests Related to Despair, GAL(1–15) Reversed the Adverse ESC-Mediated Effects in Rats with Alcohol Consumption by Self-Administration
3.3. C-Fos Immunohistochemistry Study of GAL(1–15) and ESC Interaction in Rats with Chronic Alcohol Consumption
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | EPM | OFT | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
% Entries in Open Arms | % Time in Open Arms | N° Entries | Time Entries(s) | |
Saline + aCSF | 23.6 ± 8.9 | 14.9 ± 7.4 | 23.6 ± 4.0 | 62.0 ± 15.3 |
ESC 2.5 mg/kg + aCSF | 18.9 ± 8.2 | 14.8 ± 8.0 | 25.9 ± 4.3 | 59.0 ± 12.0 |
ESC 2.5 mg/kg + GAL(1–15) 0.3 nmol | 7.9 ± 2.8 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 22.1 ± 4.3 | 36.4 ± 10.2 |
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Cantero-García, N.; Flores-Burgess, A.; Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda, D.; Serrano, A.; García-Durán, L.; Puigcerver, A.; Fuxe, K.; Narváez, J.Á.; Santín, L.J.; Díaz-Cabiale, Z.; et al. The Combination of Galanin (1–15) and Escitalopram in Rats Suggests a New Strategy for Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbidity with Depression. Biomedicines 2022, 10, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020412
Cantero-García N, Flores-Burgess A, Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda D, Serrano A, García-Durán L, Puigcerver A, Fuxe K, Narváez JÁ, Santín LJ, Díaz-Cabiale Z, et al. The Combination of Galanin (1–15) and Escitalopram in Rats Suggests a New Strategy for Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbidity with Depression. Biomedicines. 2022; 10(2):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020412
Chicago/Turabian StyleCantero-García, Noelia, Antonio Flores-Burgess, David Ladrón de Guevara-Miranda, Antonia Serrano, Laura García-Durán, Araceli Puigcerver, Kjell Fuxe, José Ángel Narváez, Luis Javier Santín, Zaida Díaz-Cabiale, and et al. 2022. "The Combination of Galanin (1–15) and Escitalopram in Rats Suggests a New Strategy for Alcohol Use Disorder Comorbidity with Depression" Biomedicines 10, no. 2: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020412