Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials

Saleh, Bahaa; Essa, Fadl A.; Omara, Zakaria M.; Ahmed, Mohamed H.; El-Sebaey, Mahmoud S.; Stephen, Mogaji Taye; Sundar, Lingala Syam; Qasim, Mohammed A.; Ramana, Eskilla Venkata; Shanmugan, Sengottiyan; Elsheikh, Ammar H.

doi:10.3390/pr11061734

Open AccessArticle

Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials

by

Bahaa Saleh

^1,*,

Fadl A. Essa

^2,*

,

Zakaria M. Omara

²,

Mohamed H. Ahmed

³

,

Mahmoud S. El-Sebaey

⁴

,

Mogaji Taye Stephen

⁵,

Lingala Syam Sundar

⁶,

Mohammed A. Qasim

⁷,

Eskilla Venkata Ramana

⁸

,

Sengottiyan Shanmugan

⁹

and

Ammar H. Elsheikh

¹⁰

¹

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

²

Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt

³

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia

⁴

Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt

⁵

Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure 340110, Nigeria

⁶

Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University, Alkhobar 31952, Saudi Arabia

⁷

Nuclear Power Plants and Renewable Energy Sources Department, Ural Federal University, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia

⁸

Department of Physics, University of Aveiro, I3N-Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

⁹

Research Centre for Solar Energy, Department of Engineering Physics, College of Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur 522502, India

¹⁰

Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Processes 2023, 11(6), 1734; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061734

Submission received: 7 May 2023 / Revised: 30 May 2023 / Accepted: 30 May 2023 / Published: 6 June 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Process Systems Simulation, Modeling, Optimization and Design)

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Abstract

As is widely known, the issue of freshwater scarcity affects practically all people, and all are looking for innovative and workable ways to attempt to solve this issue. In this work, a novel method of desalination is proposed. The proposed system consists of a solar collector (PTSC), evacuated pipe (EP), condenser (CU), and separation unit (SU). The working principle of the system is heating the feed saline water using the PTSC and EP and controlling the water flow rate to control the output conditions of the EP. The produced vapor is therefore separated from salty water using the SU. In addition, the generated steam is condensed into the CU to produce a freshwater distillate. Consequently, the effect of solar radiation on the affecting temperatures was tested. In addition, the effect of using different water flow rates (6, 7.5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 L/h) inside the EP on the system productivity was investigated. The primary findings of this work may be highlighted in relation to the experiments conducted. At midday, when ultraviolet irradiance reached its highest, the EP’s water flow entrance and outflow had the largest temperature differential. In addition, the lower the water flow rate inside the EP, the higher the water temperature, the higher the evaporation rate of the system, and the greater the freshwater productivity of the system. At 6 L/h, the water’s highest temperature was 92 °C. Moreover, the best performance of the system was obtained at 7.5 L/h, where the freshwater production and average daily effectiveness of the distillate process were 44.7 L/daytime and 59.6%, respectively. As well, the productivity of EP was augmented by around 11.86% when using graphite nanoparticles. Additionally, the distilled freshwater from the system operating at the flow rate of 7.5 L/h costs 0.0085 $/L.

Keywords: solar collector; separation; evacuated pipe; condensation; direct immediate distillation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Saleh, B.; Essa, F.A.; Omara, Z.M.; Ahmed, M.H.; El-Sebaey, M.S.; Stephen, M.T.; Sundar, L.S.; Qasim, M.A.; Ramana, E.V.; Shanmugan, S.; et al. Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials. Processes 2023, 11, 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061734

AMA Style

Saleh B, Essa FA, Omara ZM, Ahmed MH, El-Sebaey MS, Stephen MT, Sundar LS, Qasim MA, Ramana EV, Shanmugan S, et al. Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials. Processes. 2023; 11(6):1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061734

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saleh, Bahaa, Fadl A. Essa, Zakaria M. Omara, Mohamed H. Ahmed, Mahmoud S. El-Sebaey, Mogaji Taye Stephen, Lingala Syam Sundar, Mohammed A. Qasim, Eskilla Venkata Ramana, Sengottiyan Shanmugan, and et al. 2023. "Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials" Processes 11, no. 6: 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061734

APA Style

Saleh, B., Essa, F. A., Omara, Z. M., Ahmed, M. H., El-Sebaey, M. S., Stephen, M. T., Sundar, L. S., Qasim, M. A., Ramana, E. V., Shanmugan, S., & Elsheikh, A. H. (2023). Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials. Processes, 11(6), 1734. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11061734

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Using Direct Solar Energy Conversion in Distillation via Evacuated Solar Tube with and without Nanomaterials

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