A Hybrid Modeling Framework for Membrane Separation Processes: Application to Lithium-Ion Recovery from Batteries
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Case Study: Lithium-Ion Recovery from Batteries
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Hybrid Model
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Hybrid Model Identification
2.4. Parameter-Estimation Problem
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reference | Characteristics | |
---|---|---|
Training and Validation sets I | [22] | Extraction of two heavy metals, lead(II) and cadmium(II) Feed and receiving phases: 250 cm3 Area: 8.0 cm2 Carrier-solvent: sodium salt of Di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) |
Training and Validation sets II | [23,24,25] | Extraction of lithium Feed and receiving phases: 250 cm3 Area: 8.0 cm2 Carrier-solvent: Cyanex272 |
Training and Validation sets III | [26] | Extraction of cobalt and nickel Feed and receiving phases: 250 cm3 Area: 17.8 cm2 Carrier-solvent: tri(hexyl)tetradecyl phosphonium chloride |
Training and Validation sets IV | [25] | Transport of Ge(IV) Feed and receiving phases: 60 cm3 Area: 4.5 cm2 Carrier-solvent: Alamine 336 |
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Regufe, M.J.; Santana, V.V.; Ferreira, A.F.P.; Ribeiro, A.M.; Loureiro, J.M.; Nogueira, I.B.R. A Hybrid Modeling Framework for Membrane Separation Processes: Application to Lithium-Ion Recovery from Batteries. Processes 2021, 9, 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111939
Regufe MJ, Santana VV, Ferreira AFP, Ribeiro AM, Loureiro JM, Nogueira IBR. A Hybrid Modeling Framework for Membrane Separation Processes: Application to Lithium-Ion Recovery from Batteries. Processes. 2021; 9(11):1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111939
Chicago/Turabian StyleRegufe, Maria João, Vinicius V. Santana, Alexandre F. P. Ferreira, Ana M. Ribeiro, José M. Loureiro, and Idelfonso B. R. Nogueira. 2021. "A Hybrid Modeling Framework for Membrane Separation Processes: Application to Lithium-Ion Recovery from Batteries" Processes 9, no. 11: 1939. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111939