Processes, Volume 9, Issue 11

Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) generated in coffee processing for beverages and other products are a very significant organic residue that needs to be properly treated. Waste valorization via oil extraction has the potential to obtain compounds that can...

This paper analyzed the problems associated with physical exergy splitting, and based on this, presented a new splitting method. This new method splits the physical exergy into three parts according to the feasible working ways, i.e.,: the direct, in...

The usage of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFBs) in the gasification process adds value to the empty bunches as a renewable energy source. In this study, we design and manufacture a new updraft type of gasifier reactor without a blower so that it doe...

Nanoplastics (NPs) are a rapidly developing subject that is relevant in environmental and food research, as well as in human toxicity, among other fields. NPs have recently been recognized as one of the least studied types of marine litter, but poten...

In the open innovation environment, enterprise sustainable innovation is no longer the result of individual decision-making. Extensive contact with suppliers, customers, scientific research institutions, and other subjects for boundary-spanning knowl...

Common upper limb peripheral artery diseases (PADs) are atherosclerosis, embolic diseases, and systemic diseases, which are often asymptomatic, and the narrowed arteries (stenosis) will gradually reduce blood flow in the right or left upper limbs. Up...

In industrial piping systems, turbomachinery, heat exchangers etc., pipe bends are essential components. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which is frequently used to analyse the flow behaviour in such systems, provides extremely precise estimates...

Plants are an inexhaustible source of compounds with different medicinal properties, suitable as alternative options for the prevention and treatment of various pathologies. They are safe, effective and economical. In this paper, a combined extract m...

This paper presents the sum of squares (SOS)-based fuzzy control with H∞ performance for a synchronized chaos system and secure communications. To diminish the influence of the extrinsic perturbation, SOS-based stability criteria of the polynom...

Current strategies of combating bacterial infections are limited and involve the use of antibiotics and preservatives. Each of these agents has generally inadequate efficacy and a number of serious adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for n...

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is a branch of pharmacology present and of vital importance for the research and development (R&D) of new drugs, post-market monitoring, and continued optimizations in clinical contexts. Ultimately, pharmacokinetics can cont...

Ionic conductivity of the polyethylene oxide-LiClO₄ (PEO_nLiClO₄) solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) films with an EO:Li ratio (n) of 10, 12, 15, as well as the hybrid composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) films of PEO_nLiClO₄ containing 50 wt% of cu...

The micro lens array (MLA) has played an important role in optical systems for the past few years, and the precision of pressing dies has dominated the quality of MLAs in glass molding. Few studies have covered the transcription effects on surface ro...

The Industrial Internet of things (IIoT), the implementation of IoT in the industrial sector, requires a deterministic, real-time, and low-latency communication response for its time-critical applications. A delayed response in such applications coul...

Photocatalysis, especially heterogeneous photocatalysis, is one of the most investigated processes for environmental remediation [...]

Modelling the profile of a liquid droplet has been a mainstream technique for researchers to study the physical properties of a liquid. This study proposes a facile modelling approach using an elliptic model to generate the profile of sessile droplet...

Poultry farms with floor-standing poultry generate large amounts of poultry litter waste. The direct application of this waste as an organic fertilizer does not ensure sustainable and cost-efficient utilization of all waste fractions, and can also be...

Hybrid nanomaterials consisting in 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-amino-phenyl)-porphyrin (TAmPP) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), or both types (Pt@CuNPs) were obtained and tested for their capacity to optically detect uric a...

Laminar burning velocity of lean methane/air flames exposed to pulsed microwave irradiation is determined experimentally as part of an effort to accurately quantify the enhancement resulting from exposure of the flame to pulsed microwaves. The experi...

In mammalian cell culture, especially in pharmaceutical manufacturing and research, biomass and metabolic monitoring are mandatory for various cell culture process steps to develop and, finally, control bioprocesses. As a common measure for biomass,...

Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is considered an important target for anti-cancer drugs. Given the structural diversity and broad spectrum of pharmaceutical activities of natural products, numerous studies have been performed to prove them as valuable sources...

Pomelo peel-derived essential oils have been gaining popularity due to greater demand for stress relief therapy or hair care therapy. In this study, we first performed optimization of parameters in the pomelo essential oil extraction process on a pil...

Tolerance analysis is crucial in every manufacturing process, such as electrical machine design, because tight tolerances lead to high manufacturing costs. A FEM-based solution of the tolerance analysis of an electrical machine can easily lead to a c...

The urban heat island (UHI) effect increases the ambient temperatures in cities and alters the energy budget of building materials. Urban surfaces such as pavements and roofs absorb solar heat and re-emit it back into the atmosphere, contributing tow...

Mimosa acutistipula var. ferrea (Fabaceae) is endemic to ferruginous tropical rocky outcrops in the eastern Amazon, also known as canga. Canga are often associated with mining activities and are the target of protection and rehabilitation projects. M...

The design of bipolar plates is critical for improving the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this research, a new additional outlet based on a PEMFC’s parallel flow field was proposed, and three different positions of ou...

Excessive oxidative stress (OS) is a common cause of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and obesity; thus, an anti-oxidative solution is essential for the improvement of human health. Increasing evidence suggests that alkaline reduced water (...

Biodesulfurization (BDS) is considered a complementary technology to the traditional hydrodesulfurization treatment for the removal of recalcitrant sulfur compounds from petroleum products. BDS was investigated in a bubble column bioreactor using two...

Codonopsis lanceolate exerts various medicinal effects and has been used as a traditional medicine for inflammation, asthma, gastritis, and liver disease. Recently, we reported the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of C. lanceolata extract and tha...

Plasma technology reaches rapidly increasing efficiency in catalytic applications. One such application is the splitting reaction of CO₂ to oxygen and carbon monoxide. This reaction could be a cornerstone of power-to-X processes that utilize electric...

“The Hebei Xiongan New Area Planning Outline” states that the carbon sink of the water body should be improved and the quality of Baiyangdian water should be improved by cleaning the sludge, but the treatment of endogenous pollution in the water body...

In this study, the effect of the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder solvent composition on the electrical properties of sintered 0.98BaTiO₃-0.02(Ba_0.5Ca_0.5)SiO₃ ceramics doped with x wt.% Dy₂O₃ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) was investigated. In the absence of the PVA...

Dowex^® HCR-S ion-exchange resin was used to adsorb ectoine in a batch system under varying operation conditions in terms of contact time, temperature, pH value, initial concentration of ectoine, and type of salt. Six adsorption isotherm models (Langm...

Systems engineering crosses multiple engineering disciplines for the design, control, and overall management of engineered systems [...]

Low-temperature atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma technologies have recently proven to offer a range of interesting opportunities for the preparation of a variety of nanocomposite (NC) coatings with different chemical compositions, structures, and mor...

This paper studies the production process of a shipbuilding enterprise. The company suffers from long manufacturing cycle, low utilization rate of personnel and an unbalanced production line. To solve these problems, the lean shipbuilding mode, mainl...

Food waste remains a serious economic, environmental, and ethical problem, whether globally or at a national level. The hospitality industry is responsible for more than one-third of food waste. This study investigated the tackling of food waste in a...

Although the gas phase combustion of metallic magnesium (Mg) has been extensively studied, the vaporization and diffusive combustion behaviors of Mg have not been well characterized. This paper proposes an investigation of the vaporization, diffusion...

Fecal pollution, commonly detected in untreated or less treated sewage, is associated with health risks (e.g., waterborne diseases and antibiotic resistance dissemination), ecological issues (e.g., release of harmful gases in fecal sludge composting,...

Waste streams with high ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentrations are very commonly produced due to human intervention and often end up in waterbodies with effluent discharge. The removal of NH₃-N from wastewater is therefore of utmost importance to al...

Facing the current energy structure urgently needs to be transformed, heat exchanger network (HEN) can implement heat recovery and cost reduction by the arrangement for heat exchanges between cold and hot streams. The plenty of integer and continuous...

In modern chemical and oil refining complexes, separation processes are among the most popular and energy-intensive. Installations for their implementation should be equipped with nodes for creating vapor (evaporators) and liquid (deflegmators) irrig...

The development of clay adsorption materials with high Cr(III) removal capacities requires an understanding of the adsorption mechanism at the atomic level. Herein, the mechanisms for the adsorption of Cr(OH)²⁺, Cr(OH)₂⁺, and Cr(OH)₃ on the (001) and...

A two-step model of the anaerobic digestion process is mathematically and numerically studied. The focus of the paper is put on the hydrolysis and methanogenesis phases when applied to the digestion of waste with a high content of solid matter: exist...

Dry aging creates a unique taste and flavor in beef; however, the process also causes rancidity, which is harmful to humans. During dry aging, the microbial flora in beef changes continuously; thus, this change can be used as an indicator of rancidit...

Wheat straw and eucalyptus residues were pretreated in a biphasic system, constituted of butanol (n-butanol) or 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2M-THF) and aqueous oxalic acid solutions. The pretreatments were carried out in a 300 mL Parr reactor (Autoclave...

In Korea, to prevent the extinction of Glehnia littoralis, a cultivation method to improve productivity is being studied and quality maintenance technology is required after harvest. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of MAP on t...

A jet pump is used to transport a variety of working media and is especially suitable for dredged soil transporting. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical study of a jet pump that is used for slurry delivery was carried out. The characteristic...

The design and implementation of a simulator, as a real-time application, for a complex process from the biological treatment stage of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), is addressed. More precisely, this emulator was achieved as a software tool th...

There are many unknown abnormal working conditions in industrial production. It is difficult to identify unknown abnormal working conditions because there are few relative sample and experience in this field. To solve this problem, a new identificati...