Effect of Genistein on Starch Digestion In Vitro and Its Mechanism of Action
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Determination of Digestion Properties of Genistein–Starch Mixed System
2.3. Determination of the Inhibition Rate of Starch Digestive Enzymes by Genistein
2.4. Determination of Reversibility of Enzyme Inhibition
2.5. Enzyme Inhibition Kinetics
2.6. Fluorescence Spectroscopy
2.7. Molecular Docking
2.8. MD Simulation
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effect of Genistein on Digestive Properties of Starch In Vitro
3.2. Inhibitory Ability of Genistein on Starch Digestive Enzymes
3.3. Reversibility of Genistein’s Inhibitory Effect on Starch Digestive Enzymes
3.4. Reversible Inhibition Type of Genistein on Starch Digestive Enzymes
3.5. Fluorescence Quenching Effect of Genistein on α-Glucosidase
3.5.1. Analysis of Quenching Types
3.5.2. Binding Force and Thermodynamic Analyses
3.6. Docking Conformation of Genistein with Starch Digestive Enzymes
3.7. MD Simulations
3.8. Analysis of the Binding Mode of Genistein to Starch Digestive Enzymes
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Enzyme | T (°C) | KQ (L·mol−1) | KD (mol·L−1) | KA (L·mol−1·s−1) | KC (L·mol−1) | n | ΔH (kJ·mol−1) | ΔS (J·mol−1·K−1) | ΔG (kJ·mol−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-amylase | 25 | 0.54 × 103 | 0.76 × 10−3 | 5.41 × 1011 | 0.62 | 1.19 | −0.46 | 50.65 | −14.29 |
31 | 0.53 × 103 | 0.17 × 10−3 | 5.32 × 1011 | 0.46 | 0.97 | −6.02 | 31.97 | −15.55 | |
37 | 0.48 × 103 | 0.11 × 10−3 | 4.84 × 1011 | 0.20 | 0.77 | −2.11 | 44.59 | −15.94 | |
α-glucosidase | 25 | 0.21 × 103 | 2.44 × 10−3 | 0.41 × 1011 | 61.80 | 0.76 | 6.31 | 67.41 | −12.09 |
31 | 0.26 × 103 | 1.60 × 10−3 | 0.63 × 1011 | 60.71 | 0.71 | 8.13 | 73.50 | −13.78 | |
37 | 0.29 × 103 | 0.58 × 10−3 | 1.73 × 1011 | 22.86 | 0.58 | 6.85 | 69.39 | −14.66 |
Name/Contribution | ΔEvdw | ΔEele | ΔGpol | ΔGnonpol | ΔGbind |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-amylase | −23.45 | −21.90 | 27.62 | −3.24 | −20.97 |
α-glucosidase | −34.59 | −20.46 | 39.48 | −4.33 | −19.90 |
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Jia, J.; Dou, B.; Gao, M.; Zhang, C.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, N. Effect of Genistein on Starch Digestion In Vitro and Its Mechanism of Action. Foods 2024, 13, 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172809
Jia J, Dou B, Gao M, Zhang C, Liu Y, Zhang N. Effect of Genistein on Starch Digestion In Vitro and Its Mechanism of Action. Foods. 2024; 13(17):2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172809
Chicago/Turabian StyleJia, Jianhui, Boxin Dou, Man Gao, Chujia Zhang, Ying Liu, and Na Zhang. 2024. "Effect of Genistein on Starch Digestion In Vitro and Its Mechanism of Action" Foods 13, no. 17: 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13172809