Short-Term Effects of Primary and Secondary Particulate Matter on Ceramide Metabolism, Pro-Inflammatory Response, and Blood Coagulation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Exposure Measurements
2.3. Health Outcomes and Biomarker Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analysis
2.4.1. Demographic Characterization
2.4.2. Linear Mixed-Effect Models
2.4.3. Mediation and Sensitivity Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. The Association between Ionic Aerosols and Biomarkers Relevant to Pathophysiology of Atherothrombosis
4.2. The Association between OA and Biomarkers Relevant to Pathophysiology of Atherothrombosis
4.3. The Association between Sources of OA and Biomarkers Relevant to Pathophysiology of Atherothrombosis
4.4. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Total (N = 152) | Women (N = 102) | Men (N = 50) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | |
Characteristics | ||||||
Age, years | 23.9 (2.4) | 23.8 (2.2) | 23.6 (2.2) | 23.8 (2.8) | 24.4 (2.7) | 24.1 (2.3) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.6 (2.7) | 21.4 (3.4) | 20.9 (2.6) | 20.6 (23.2) | 23.0 (2.4) | 22.6 (2.8) |
WHR | 0.8 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.10) | 0.8 (0.05) | 0.76 (0.07) | 0.8 (0.04) | 0.8 (0.05) |
MET, minutes/week | 1884 (1794) | 1386 (1962) | 1763 (1700) | 1224 (1889) | 2126 (1951) | 1551 (2330) |
PSQI | 4.9 (2.3) | 5.0 (3.0) | 4.7 (2.4) | 5.0 (3.0) | 5.3 (2.9) | 5.0 (4.0) |
Cortisol, ng/mg creatinine | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.7 (1.2) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.6) |
Cotinine, ng/mg creatinine | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.3) | 1.6 (1.3) | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.2 (0.7) |
Measured biomarkers | ||||||
Ceramides, μM | ||||||
Cer C16:0 | 22.9 (48.3) | 8.8 (22.0) | 25.5 (37.2) | 5.9 (24.3) | 14.4 (20.5) | 7.4 (17.3) |
Cer C18:0 | 27.9 (58.0) | 10.3(28.6) | 29.6 (30.2) | 19.9 (40.6) | 21.5 (30.3) | 7.3 (21.5) |
Cer C24:1 | 30.1 (49.5) | 14.6 (31.6) | 29.1 (50.6) | 14.5 (28.2) | 32.0 (47.5) | 15.7 (38.7) |
NETs, pg/mL | ||||||
H3Cit | 4.8 (6.5) | 3.2 (4.7) | 4.5 (4.6) | 3.3 (4.5) | 5.5 (9.1) | 3.0 (5.3) |
dsDNA | 163.4 (21.6) | 162.4 (28.5) | 157.0 (22.8) | 154.4 (24.0) | 175.5 (20.9) | 173.9 (29.1) |
MPO | 18.7 (9.2) | 17.0 (10.7) | 17.8 (8.1) | 16.6 (14.9) | 23.0 (12.8) | 19.4 (15.0) |
Systemic inflammation, pg/mL | ||||||
RANTES | 10.2 (3.8) | 9.7 (4.3) | 10.1 (3.8) | 9.7 (4.0) | 10.4 (3.7) | 9.7 (5.2) |
MCP-1 | 146.7 (67.2) | 138.1 (46.2) | 144.2 (78.1) | 133.2 (43.6) | 151.5 (36.7) | 145.8 (46.3) |
CD163 | 215.1 (87.1) | 203.7 (129.0) | 213.9 (82.6) | 207.1 (121.1) | 217.4 (95.6) | 193.7 (146.5) |
LpPLA2 | 40.3 (11.8) | 39.6 (16.7) | 38.5 (11.0) | 36.7 (13.8) | 44.0 (12.5) | 44.7 (19.1) |
Coagulation, pg/mL | ||||||
PAI-1 | 38.5 (140.9) | 26.4 (17.6) | 28.3 (15.1) | 23.8 (15.5) | 58.9 (242.0) | 32.0 (21.6) |
P-selectin | 23.0 (5.4) | 22.7 (7.7) | 20.2 (3.7) | 20.0 (5.0) | 24.6 (5.2) | 23.5 (8.5) |
D-dimer, ng/mL | 17.6 (45.3) | 5.7 (13.7) | 19.7 (53.7) | 5.2 (15.6) | 13.4 (19.3) | 6.2 (11.1) |
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Zhang, B.; Xu, H.; He, X.; Wang, T.; Li, M.; Shan, X.; Zhu, Y.; Liu, C.; Zhao, Q.; Song, X.; et al. Short-Term Effects of Primary and Secondary Particulate Matter on Ceramide Metabolism, Pro-Inflammatory Response, and Blood Coagulation. Toxics 2024, 12, 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030225
Zhang B, Xu H, He X, Wang T, Li M, Shan X, Zhu Y, Liu C, Zhao Q, Song X, et al. Short-Term Effects of Primary and Secondary Particulate Matter on Ceramide Metabolism, Pro-Inflammatory Response, and Blood Coagulation. Toxics. 2024; 12(3):225. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030225
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Bin, Hongbing Xu, Xinghou He, Tong Wang, Mengyao Li, Xuyang Shan, Yutong Zhu, Changjie Liu, Qian Zhao, Xiaoming Song, and et al. 2024. "Short-Term Effects of Primary and Secondary Particulate Matter on Ceramide Metabolism, Pro-Inflammatory Response, and Blood Coagulation" Toxics 12, no. 3: 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030225