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Toxics, Volume 5, Issue 2

2017 June - 4 articles

Cover Story: Untreated pharmaceutical wastewater causes water pollution. Phytotoxicity of metronidazole to soybean plants (Glycine max) was investigated. Healthy plants assigned to 3 treatment groups (0 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L) were exposed to designated concentration of metronidazole at 42d after planting. The relationship between metronidazole concentration and phytotoxicity was determined. Phytotoxicity was quantified by relative growth rate (RGR) expressed in grams per gram per day (gg^-1d^-1). Multiple comparisons demonstrates statistically significant differences in RGR between control and treatment plants: control and 50mg/L (p < 0.025); control and 100mg/L (p < 0.0001); 50mg/L and 100mg/L (p < 0.0001). Phytotoxicity increased with increasing metronidazole concentration. View this paper

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Articles (4)

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Article

23 Citations

5,786 Views

11 Pages

Concentrations of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Water from Asunle Stream, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Godwin O. Olutona,
John A.O. Oyekunle,
Aderemi O. Ogunfowokan and
Olalekan S. Fatoki

Toxics2017, 5(2), 13;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5020013

16 June 2017

This study assessed the concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in stream water obtained from Asunle stream, an adjoining stream of the Obafemi Awolowo University dumpsite. Water samples were collected for a period of eight months fro...

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Article

11 Citations

7,594 Views

15 Pages

The Investigation of Unexpected Arsenic Compounds Observed in Routine Biological Monitoring Urinary Speciation Analysis

Elizabeth Leese,
Malcolm Clench,
Jackie Morton,
Philip H.E. Gardiner and
Vikki A. Carolan

Toxics2017, 5(2), 12;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5020012

20 May 2017

This study investigates the identity of two unexpected arsenic species found separately in a number of urine samples sent to the Health and Safety Executive’s Health and Safety Laboratory for arsenic speciation (arsenobetaine, AB; arsenite, As³⁺; ars...

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Article

38 Citations

6,186 Views

9 Pages

Vitis vinifera Extract Ameliorate Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction Induced by Dexamethasone in Albino Rats

Nabil A. Hasona,
Ahmed A. Alrashidi,
Thamer Z. Aldugieman,
Ali M. Alshdokhi and
Mohammed Q. Ahmed

Toxics2017, 5(2), 11;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5020011

11 April 2017

This study was conducted to evaluate the biochemical effects of grape seed extract against dexamethasone-induced hepatic and renal dysfunction in a female albino rat. Twenty-eight adult female rats were divided randomly into four equal groups: Group...

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Article

40 Citations

7,580 Views

14 Pages

Pharmaceutical Wastewater Effluent—Source of Contaminants of Emerging Concern: Phytotoxicity of Metronidazole to Soybean (Glycine max)

Okhumode H. Yakubu

Toxics2017, 5(2), 10;https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics5020010

2 April 2017

Industrial discharge of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into the environment in some middle- and low-income countries is not sufficiently regulated. The phytotoxicity of metronidazole (FLAGYL)—one of the most commonly used over the counter (...

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