Jackfruit Genotypes in Southern Nayarit: A Comparative Study of Morphological, Physiological, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, and Molecular Assessments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Genotypes and Collection Site
2.2. Sampling of Fruits and Leaves
2.3. Morphological Analysis of Fruits and Leaves
2.4. Physiological Analysis (Respiration Rate, Ethylene Production, and Physiological Weight Loss)
2.5. Physicochemical Analysis
2.6. Phytochemical Analysis
2.6.1. Preparation of Phenolic Extract
2.6.2. Quantification of Total Soluble Phenols
2.6.3. Preparation of Carotenoid Extract
2.6.4. Quantification of Total Carotenoids
2.6.5. Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of Total Soluble Phenols and Carotenoids
2.7. DNA Extraction, Concentration and Quality
2.7.1. Simple Sequence Repeat Markers (SSR)
2.7.2. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism Markers (SRAPs)
2.7.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphological Analysis of Fruits and Leaves
3.2. Physiological Analysis (Respiration Rate, Ethylene Production, and Physiological Weight Loss)
3.3. Physicochemical Analysis
3.4. Phytochemical Analysis
3.4.1. Quantification of Total Soluble Phenols and Total Carotenoids
3.4.2. Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity
3.5. Principal Component Analysis
3.6. Molecular Markers
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of the Primers | Forward Primer Sequence (5′-3′) | Reverse Primer Sequence (5′-3′) |
---|---|---|
LMCH 144 | GTTTGGAAGAGTCGCAGGAT | ACTGTAAAACGCAGACCAAGAT |
LMCH 128 | CTTGTTAAAATGGCTGTTACT | GCATTGAGCTGACATAACTC |
LMCH 122 | AGCAAAGATAAAGAGAAGATAA | ATCCAAGCCTATTAACAACT |
LMCH 114 | AAAATGTAGTGTGAAAGATGAC | GTCCATCAGTTTTAAGTGC |
LMCH 112 | TAACCGTGATCTACAATAAT | TTGCATACATTTTCCTATTT |
LMCH 96 | AGAAGCTGGGAAACAAAACA | ATTCTGGCTTTTAATTGAGGA |
LMCH 79 | GAAGCAAGTAGACACGTAGTA | AGGGTTGGTATTTCTTTATAGT |
LMCH 78 | ATTTGATTGATTGATTTCCTA | CTTTTGCTTTCTTTCACATC |
LMCH 71 | AGATAACACCCGCCCACTAT | ACAACTTTTCTCCCAACCTATC |
LMCH 70 | GAAGTTTAGAGGCGATTCC | TTTTGCCACTTTACTGTCAC |
LMCH 69 | AGCTTTAGCCATGAATTAGA | GAAAGGCTGACGAGATATAA |
LMCH 43 | CTAGTTCCAAGACGTGAGAGAT | ATAGGAATAAGGGACTGTTGAG |
LMCH 36 | ATAGAAGATTTACCCAGGAG | GTAAGTAGCTGATTGTTGATCT |
LMCH 29 | GTACCATCTTTTAGGAAATC | TGCAATCTATGTTAGTCAC |
Name of the Primers | Markers (Forward–Reverse) | Sequence |
---|---|---|
SRAPS 1 | Forward (5′-3′) me1 | TGAGTCCAAACCGGAT |
Reverse (5′-3) em1 | GACTGCGTACGAATTAA | |
SRAPS 2 | Forward (5′-3′) me1 | TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA |
Reverse (5′-3′) em15 | GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG | |
SRAPS 3 | Forward (5′-3′) me3 | TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT |
Reverse (5′-3) em1 | GACTGCGTACGAATTAA | |
SRAPS 4 | Forward (5′-3′) me3 | TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT |
Reverse (5′-3′) em15 | GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG | |
SRAPS 5 | Forward (5′-3′) me4 | TGAGTCCAAACCGGACC |
Reverse (5′-3′) em1 | GACTGCGTACGAATTAA | |
SRAPS 6 | Forward (5′-3′) me4 | TGAGTCCAAACCGGACC |
Reverse (5′-3′) em15 | GACTGCGTACGAATTCTG |
Genotype | Number of Heterozygous Loci | Total Number of Loci | Heterozygosity |
---|---|---|---|
Agüitada | 3 | 8 | 0.375 |
Rumina | 4 | 8 | 0.500 |
Licenciada | 5 | 8 | 0.625 |
Karlita | 4 | 8 | 0.500 |
Agüitada | Rumina | Licenciada | Karlita | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Agüitada | 1.0000 | |||
Rumina | 0.4815 | 1.000 | ||
Licenciada | 0.6667 | 0.3571 | 1.0000 | |
Karlita | 0.4483 | 0.3793 | 0.4815 | 1.0000 |
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Morelos-Flores, D.A.; Montalvo-González, E.; Chacon-López, M.A.; Santacruz-Varela, A.; Zamora-Gasga, V.M.; Berumen-Varela, G.; García-Magaña, M.d.L. Jackfruit Genotypes in Southern Nayarit: A Comparative Study of Morphological, Physiological, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, and Molecular Assessments. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090918
Morelos-Flores DA, Montalvo-González E, Chacon-López MA, Santacruz-Varela A, Zamora-Gasga VM, Berumen-Varela G, García-Magaña MdL. Jackfruit Genotypes in Southern Nayarit: A Comparative Study of Morphological, Physiological, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, and Molecular Assessments. Horticulturae. 2024; 10(9):918. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090918
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorelos-Flores, David Antonio, Efigenia Montalvo-González, Martina Alejandra Chacon-López, Amalio Santacruz-Varela, Víctor Manuel Zamora-Gasga, Guillermo Berumen-Varela, and María de Lourdes García-Magaña. 2024. "Jackfruit Genotypes in Southern Nayarit: A Comparative Study of Morphological, Physiological, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, and Molecular Assessments" Horticulturae 10, no. 9: 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090918