Dormancy-Related Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity during Optimization of Germination Conditions for Onopordum nervosum subsp. platylepis Murb. Using Response Surface Methodology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cypsela Collection
2.2. Seeds Water Uptake
2.3. Process for Germination Tests
2.3.1. Experiment 1
2.3.2. Experiment 2
Germination Test
Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
- Determination of total phenol content (TPC)
- Determination of total flavonoid content (TFC)
- Determination of total condensed content (TCT)
Analysis of Antioxidant Activities
- Determination of DPPH radical scavenging activity
- Determination of Iron Reduction Ability (FRAP)
2.4. Optimization of O. platylepis Germination Conditions Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Seeds Coat Permeability
3.2. Experiment 1
3.3. Experiment 2
3.3.1. Bioactive Compounds of Non-Germinated Seeds
3.3.2. Antioxidant Activity of Non-Germinated Seeds
3.4. Optimization of Germination Conditions
3.4.1. Seed Germination
3.4.2. Germination Time
3.4.3. Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
3.4.4. Total Flavonoid Content (TFC)
3.4.5. Total Condensed Tannins
3.4.6. Antioxidant Activity of Germinated Seeds
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Days of Cold Stratification | Gibberellic Acid Concentration (ppm) | |
---|---|---|
Code | X1 | X2 |
Level (−1) | 0 | 500 |
Center (0) | 7 | 750 |
Level (+1) | 14 | 1000 |
Coefficients | SGP (%) | MGT (Days) | TPC (mgGAE/g DW) | TFC (mgQE/g DW) | CTC (mg EC/g DW) | EC50 DPPH (mg/mL) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β0 (intercept) | 84.07 | 4.964 | 10.67 | 15.136 | 4.595 | 0.168 |
Linear | ||||||
β1 (cold stratification) | 3.33 | −0.77 | −3.94 | 3.42 | 4.44 | −0.453 |
β2 (GA3) | 18.33 | −0.33 | 6.677 | 0.272 | 1.60 | 0.189 |
Quadratic | ||||||
β11 (cold stratification) | 22.22 | −1.274 | −2.393 | 0.88 | 2.56 | −0.226 |
β22 (GA3) | −0.27 | −0.274 | −3.838 | −1.248 | −0.01 | 0.029 |
Interaction β12 | 27.5 | 0.5 | −0.277 | 0.553 | 1.688 | −0.28 |
p Values | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SGP (%) | MGT (Days) | TPC (mg GAE/g DW) | TFC (mg QE/g DW) | CTC (mg EC/g DW) | EC50DPPH (mg/mL) | |
x1 (cold stratification) | 0.363 | 0.0156 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
x2 (GA3) | 0.0027 | 0.226 | 0.000 | 0.203 | 0.0005 | 0.000 |
x1x2 | 0.001 | 0.147 | 0.488 | 0.059 | 0.0009 | 0.000 |
x12 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | 0.0002 | 0.0018 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
x22 | 0.919 | 0.176 | 0.000 | 0.0004 | 0.946 | 0.000 |
R2 | 0.981 | 0.884 | 0.996 | 0.99 | 0.994 | 1.0 |
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Dhen, N.; Kouki, R.; Bziouech, S.A.; Essaidi, I.; Naffati, L.; Haouala, F.; Alhudhaibi, A.M.; Alrudayni, H.A.; Kammoun, M.; Al Mohandes Dridi, B. Dormancy-Related Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity during Optimization of Germination Conditions for Onopordum nervosum subsp. platylepis Murb. Using Response Surface Methodology. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090967
Dhen N, Kouki R, Bziouech SA, Essaidi I, Naffati L, Haouala F, Alhudhaibi AM, Alrudayni HA, Kammoun M, Al Mohandes Dridi B. Dormancy-Related Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity during Optimization of Germination Conditions for Onopordum nervosum subsp. platylepis Murb. Using Response Surface Methodology. Horticulturae. 2024; 10(9):967. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090967
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhen, Najla, Rania Kouki, Samra Akef Bziouech, Ismahen Essaidi, Lamia Naffati, Faouzi Haouala, Abdulrahman M. Alhudhaibi, Hassan A. Alrudayni, Mariem Kammoun, and Bouthaina Al Mohandes Dridi. 2024. "Dormancy-Related Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity during Optimization of Germination Conditions for Onopordum nervosum subsp. platylepis Murb. Using Response Surface Methodology" Horticulturae 10, no. 9: 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090967