Investigation on Thermal Runaway Hazards of Cylindrical and Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries under Low Pressure of Cruise Altitude for Civil Aircraft
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Sample
2.2. Apparatus
2.3. Procedures
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Thermal Runaway Behaviors
3.1.1. Cylindrical Cells
3.1.2. Pouch Cells
3.2. First Venting and Trigger of TR
3.3. Heat Release Rates and Temperatures
3.4. Vent Gas Density and O2
3.5. CO2 and CO/CO2
3.6. THC and CO
3.7. Hazards Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- With the pressure drop from 95 kPa to 20 kPa, the average open time of the safety valve (the rupture of the bag for pouch cells) is shortened. The average trigger time of the TR is shortened for cylindrical cells, but delayed for pouch cells under 20 kPa. The average peak values of HRR, THR, surface/fire/smoke temperature, smoke density, and decrease, but the values of THC and increase.
- (2)
- The proportion of and THC varies inversely with the thermal hazards of TR fire. TR behaviors under 20 kPa are not as vigorous as the tests in 95 kPa, without violent fire, explosion, and huge jet flames. The thermal hazards of TR fire under 20 kPa are lower than that in 95 kPa, but the proportion of flammable/potentially explosive gas emissions increases greatly which poses a huge risk, especially in a confined space.
- (3)
- The number of batteries and type of packaging also have an obvious effect on the performance of the TR. Pouch cells have a higher thermal hazard of fire, but lower combustible/toxic emitted gases, than the cylindrical cells both under 95 kPa and 20 kPa. With fierce TR behaviors, the combustible gas products are released at high speeds, leading to a higher risk of toxicity and potential explosion of cylindrical cells than pouch cells in the TR process.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Cylindrical | Pouch | Pouch |
---|---|---|---|
Capacity | 2600 mAh | 10,000 mAh | 15,000 mAh |
Anode | |||
Cathode | Graphite | Graphite | Graphite |
Electrolyte | |||
Separator | PE | PE | PE |
Size | Diameter: 18 mm, height: 65 mm | Length: 100 mm, | Length: 150 mm, |
width: 50 mm, | width: 50 mm, | ||
thickness: 6 mm | thickness: 6 mm |
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Sun, Q.; Liu, H.; Wang, Z.; Meng, Y.; Xu, C.; Wen, Y.; Wu, Q. Investigation on Thermal Runaway Hazards of Cylindrical and Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries under Low Pressure of Cruise Altitude for Civil Aircraft. Batteries 2024, 10, 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10090298
Sun Q, Liu H, Wang Z, Meng Y, Xu C, Wen Y, Wu Q. Investigation on Thermal Runaway Hazards of Cylindrical and Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries under Low Pressure of Cruise Altitude for Civil Aircraft. Batteries. 2024; 10(9):298. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10090298
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Qiang, Hangxin Liu, Zhi Wang, Yawei Meng, Chun Xu, Yanxing Wen, and Qiyao Wu. 2024. "Investigation on Thermal Runaway Hazards of Cylindrical and Pouch Lithium-Ion Batteries under Low Pressure of Cruise Altitude for Civil Aircraft" Batteries 10, no. 9: 298. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10090298