Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Yi, Hongming; Liang, Ying; Qian, Yunlong; Feng, Yuchuan; Li, Zheng; Zhang, Xue

doi:10.3390/batteries9050246

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Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

by

Hongming Yi

^1,†,

Ying Liang

^2,†

,

Yunlong Qian

¹,

Yuchuan Feng

^1,2,

Zheng Li

¹ and

Xue Zhang

^1,*

¹

QingTao (KunShan) Energy Development Co., Ltd., Shengxi Road No. 3, KET, Kunshan 215300, China

²

State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally in this work.

Batteries 2023, 9(5), 246; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050246

Submission received: 7 December 2022 / Revised: 17 March 2023 / Accepted: 23 April 2023 / Published: 26 April 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next-Generation Lithium-Ion Batteries and beyond with High Energy Density and Enhanced Safety)

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Abstract

Due to a high energy density and satisfactory longevity, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely applied in the fields of consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Cathodes, an essential part of LIBs, greatly determine the energy density and total cost of LIBs. In order to make LIBs more competitive, it is urgent to develop low-cost commercial cathode materials. Among all cathode materials, Mn-based cathode materials, such as layered LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ and Li-rich materials, spinel LiMn₂O₄ and LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄, olivine-type LiMnPO₄ and LiMn_0.5Fe_0.5PO₄, stand out owing to their low cost and high energy density. Herein, from the perspective of industrial application, we calculate the product cost of Mn-based cathode materials, select promising candidates with low cost per Wh, and summarize the structural and electrochemical properties and improvement strategies of these low-cost Mn-based cathode materials. Apart from some common issues for Mn-based cathode materials, such as Jahn–Teller distortions and Mn dissolution, we point out the specific problems of each material and provide corresponding improvement strategies to overcome these drawbacks.

Keywords: lithium-ion batteries; Mn-based cathodes; low cost per Wh; high energy density

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yi, H.; Liang, Y.; Qian, Y.; Feng, Y.; Li, Z.; Zhang, X. Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Batteries 2023, 9, 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050246

AMA Style

Yi H, Liang Y, Qian Y, Feng Y, Li Z, Zhang X. Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Batteries. 2023; 9(5):246. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050246

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi, Hongming, Ying Liang, Yunlong Qian, Yuchuan Feng, Zheng Li, and Xue Zhang. 2023. "Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries" Batteries 9, no. 5: 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050246

APA Style

Yi, H., Liang, Y., Qian, Y., Feng, Y., Li, Z., & Zhang, X. (2023). Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Batteries, 9(5), 246. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050246

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Low-Cost Mn-Based Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

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