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Fractal Fract
Volume 9
Issue 3
10.3390/fractalfract9030165
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Article

Effect of Particle Size on Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Deep Siliceous Shales in Southern Sichuan, China, Measured Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption

by
Hongming Zhan
1,*,
Xizhe Li
2,*,
Zhiming Hu
1,2,
Liqing Chen
3,
Weijun Shen
4,
Wei Guo
1,
Weikang He
1,2 and
Yuhang Zhou
1,2
1
Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
2
School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3
Shale Gas Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610051, China
4
Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(3), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9030165
Submission received: 15 January 2025 / Revised: 4 March 2025 / Accepted: 7 March 2025 / Published: 10 March 2025
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Abstract

Granular samples are often used to characterize the pore structure of shale. To systematically analyze the influence of particle size on pore characteristics, case studies were performed on two groups of organic-rich deep shale samples. Multiple methods, including small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption (LP-N2GA), low-pressure carbon dioxide gas adsorption (LP-CO2GA), and XRD analysis, were adopted to investigate how the crushing process would affect pore structure parameters and the fractal features of deep shale samples. The research indicates that with the decrease in particle size, the measurements from nitrogen adsorption and SANS experiments significantly increase, with relative effects reaching 95.09% and 51.27%, respectively. However, the impact on carbon dioxide adsorption measurements is minor, with a maximum of only 8.97%. This suggests that the comminution process primarily alters the macropore structure, with limited influence on the micropores. Since micropores contribute the majority of the specific surface area in deep shale, the effect of particle size variation on the specific surface area is negligible, averaging only 16.52%. Shales exhibit dual-fractal characteristics. The distribution range of the mass fractal dimension of the experimental samples is 2.658–2.961, which increases as the particle size decreases. The distribution range of the surface fractal dimension is 2.777–2.834, which decreases with the decrease in particle size.
Keywords: fractal dimension; shale gas; small-angle neutron scattering; pore structure; particle size fractal dimension; shale gas; small-angle neutron scattering; pore structure; particle size

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhan, H.; Li, X.; Hu, Z.; Chen, L.; Shen, W.; Guo, W.; He, W.; Zhou, Y. Effect of Particle Size on Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Deep Siliceous Shales in Southern Sichuan, China, Measured Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption. Fractal Fract. 2025, 9, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9030165

AMA Style

Zhan H, Li X, Hu Z, Chen L, Shen W, Guo W, He W, Zhou Y. Effect of Particle Size on Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Deep Siliceous Shales in Southern Sichuan, China, Measured Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption. Fractal and Fractional. 2025; 9(3):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9030165

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhan, Hongming, Xizhe Li, Zhiming Hu, Liqing Chen, Weijun Shen, Wei Guo, Weikang He, and Yuhang Zhou. 2025. "Effect of Particle Size on Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Deep Siliceous Shales in Southern Sichuan, China, Measured Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption" Fractal and Fractional 9, no. 3: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9030165

APA Style

Zhan, H., Li, X., Hu, Z., Chen, L., Shen, W., Guo, W., He, W., & Zhou, Y. (2025). Effect of Particle Size on Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Deep Siliceous Shales in Southern Sichuan, China, Measured Using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Low-Pressure Nitrogen Adsorption. Fractal and Fractional, 9(3), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9030165

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