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Volume 6
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10.3390/ceramics6030104
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Review

Unlocking the Potential of Biomass Fly Ash: Exploring Its Application in Geopolymeric Materials and a Comparative Case Study of BFA-Based Geopolymeric Concrete against Conventional Concrete

by
Baturalp Yalcinkaya
1,*,
Tomas Spirek
1,
Milan Bousa
1,
Petr Louda
1,
Vojtěch Růžek
1,
Cezary Rapiejko
2 and
Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska
1,2,*
1
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, 2 Studentska, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
2
Department of Materials Technology and Production Systems, Stefanowskiego Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 1/15, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ceramics 2023, 6(3), 1682-1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030104
Submission received: 7 May 2023 / Revised: 26 July 2023 / Accepted: 31 July 2023 / Published: 3 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Production Processes and Applications of Geopolymers)
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Abstract

The production of conventional cement involves high energy consumption and the release of substantial amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2), exacerbating climate change. Additionally, the extraction of raw materials, such as limestone and clay, leads to habitat destruction and biodiversity loss. Geopolymer technology offers a promising alternative to conventional cement by utilizing industrial byproducts and significantly reducing carbon emissions. This paper analyzes the utilization of biomass fly ash (BFA) in the formation of geopolymer concrete and compares its carbon and cost impacts to those of conventional concrete. The previous analysis shows great potential for geopolymers to reduce the climate change impact of cement production. The results of this analysis indicate a significant disparity in the computed financial and sustainability costs associated with geopolymers. Researchers have shown that geopolymers may help mitigate the effects of cement manufacturing on the environment. These geopolymers are predicted to reduce green gas emissions by 40–80%. They also show that those advantages can be realized with the best possible feedstock source and the cheapest possible conveyance. Furthermore, our case study on CO2 emission and cost calculation for BFA-based geopolymer and conventional concrete shows that geopolymer concrete preparation emits 56% less CO2 than conventional concrete while costing 32.4% less per ton.
Keywords: biomass; fly ash; geopolymer; circular economy; waste management biomass; fly ash; geopolymer; circular economy; waste management
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MDPI and ACS Style

Yalcinkaya, B.; Spirek, T.; Bousa, M.; Louda, P.; Růžek, V.; Rapiejko, C.; Buczkowska, K.E. Unlocking the Potential of Biomass Fly Ash: Exploring Its Application in Geopolymeric Materials and a Comparative Case Study of BFA-Based Geopolymeric Concrete against Conventional Concrete. Ceramics 2023, 6, 1682-1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030104

AMA Style

Yalcinkaya B, Spirek T, Bousa M, Louda P, Růžek V, Rapiejko C, Buczkowska KE. Unlocking the Potential of Biomass Fly Ash: Exploring Its Application in Geopolymeric Materials and a Comparative Case Study of BFA-Based Geopolymeric Concrete against Conventional Concrete. Ceramics. 2023; 6(3):1682-1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030104

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yalcinkaya, Baturalp, Tomas Spirek, Milan Bousa, Petr Louda, Vojtěch Růžek, Cezary Rapiejko, and Katarzyna Ewa Buczkowska. 2023. "Unlocking the Potential of Biomass Fly Ash: Exploring Its Application in Geopolymeric Materials and a Comparative Case Study of BFA-Based Geopolymeric Concrete against Conventional Concrete" Ceramics 6, no. 3: 1682-1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030104

APA Style

Yalcinkaya, B., Spirek, T., Bousa, M., Louda, P., Růžek, V., Rapiejko, C., & Buczkowska, K. E. (2023). Unlocking the Potential of Biomass Fly Ash: Exploring Its Application in Geopolymeric Materials and a Comparative Case Study of BFA-Based Geopolymeric Concrete against Conventional Concrete. Ceramics, 6(3), 1682-1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6030104

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