1. Introduction
As a result of technological development in recent decades, nanomaterials obtained by advanced techniques have gained new valences compared to conventional materials due to the need for maintaining “a green environment” for future generations.
The literature describes many technologies for removing contaminants from water. The conventional methods such as electrochemical ones, chemical precipitation or adsorption using carbon-based materials require high-energy consumption, and removal can be incomplete most of the time [
1]. Currently, water purification technologies are based on basic structures, such as activated carbon, silica gel, zeolites or clay minerals, to more complex and expensive structures, such as three-dimensional carbon-based architectures or three-dimensional macrostructures. Nanoscale materials such as metallic or metal oxide nanoadsorbents, nanomembranes and metal organic frameworks have shown exceptional results in water remediation. Adsorption is one of the most ecofriendly and efficient methods for removing pollutants from water bodies due to the nanoadsorbents’ large surface, which creates multiple adsorption sites [
2].
2. Materials and Methods
This paper represents a review regarding the advantages of advanced techniques in the field of water purification compared to conventional techniques; the review includes studies published in the last years, selected using scientific databases such as Scopus, Science Direct and Elsevier.
3. Results
The present review aims to present the most recent findings in water remediation using advanced materials, showing that, at the end of purification process, a high adsorption capacity is obtained in addition to the possibility of reusing these materials due to their high stability. Moreover, advanced materials present the possibility of easy integration into an integrated depollution technology.
4. Conclusions
In conclusion, advanced materials represent a promising and, also, a cost-effectiveness option for water purification.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, R.-I.B., I.F. and R.C.F.; methodology, R.-I.B. and R.C.F.; validation, I.F. and R.C.F.; investigation, R.-I.B., A.M.B. and T.F.; data curation, I.F. and R.C.F.; writing—original draft preparation, R.-I.B.; writing—review and editing, I.F. and R.C.F.; supervision, R.C.F.; project administration, R.C.F.; funding acquisition, R.C.F. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was funded by Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNCS/CCCDI—UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P2-2.1-PTE-2019-0222 and contract 26PTE/2020, within PNCDI III. The authors also acknowledge the financial support of the Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation MCI (Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization—MCID) through INCDCP ICECHIM Bucharest 2019–2022 Core Program PN. 19.23-Chem-Ergent, Project No.19.23.03.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
All data are available upon reasonable request from the authors.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
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