Physical Sciences Forum, Volume 8, Issue 1

Following the decommissioning of the Main Injector Neutrino Oscillation Search (MINOS) experiment, muon and hadron monitors have emerged as vital diagnostic tools for the NuMI Off-axis ${\nu }_{\mu }$ Appearance (NOvA) experiment at Fermilab. These tools ar...

The construction of the next-generation water Cherenkov detector Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) has started. It will have about a ten times larger fiducial volume compared to the existing Super-Kamiokande detector, as well as increased detection performances....

Visualization is an essential part of research, both to explore one’s data and to communicate one’s findings with others. Many data products in astronomy come in the form of multi-dimensional cubes, and since our brains are tuned for reco...

Although there is overwhelming evidence for the existence of dark matter, the nature of dark matter remains largely unknown. Neutrino telescopes are powerful tools to search indirectly for dark matter, through the detection of neutrinos produced duri...

A design study ESSνSB was carried out during the years 2018–2021 concerning how the five MW linear proton accelerators of the European Spallation Source, which are currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, can be used to generate a world...

SBND (Short-Baseline Near Detector) is a 112-ton liquid argon time projection chamber located on the Booster Neutrino Beam at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, and is the near detector of the Short-Baseline Neutrino program. The primary goals of...

The European project ESS$\nu$SB, after a four-year feasibility study, has demonstrated that a neutrino facility based on the European Spallation Source and operated at the second oscillation maximum is not only compatible with the under construction n...

We present compact analytic expressions for neutrino propagation probabilities in matter, with effects from the invisible decay of the ${\nu }_3$ mass eigenstate included. These will be directly relevant for long-baseline experiments. The inclusion of dec...

The ENUBET project aims to reduce the flux-related systematics to 1% on a narrow band neutrino beam through monitoring the associated charged leptons in an instrumented decay tunnel. A key element of the project is the design of a meson transfer line...

DUNE’s Argon time-projecting chambers (TPC) detectors will allow us to conduct precise studies about phenomena that have, until now, seemed too challenging to measure, like tau neutrino $\left({\nu }_{\tau }\right)$ interactions. Cross section measurements are n...

Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K) is the next-generation water Cherenkov neutrino experiment, building on the success of its predecessor Super-Kamiokande. To match the increased precision and reduced statistical errors of the new detectors, improvements to...

The Majorana phases of neutrino mixing matrix do not appear either in vacuum or in matter modified oscillation probabilities. It was previously shown that for some particular forms of decoherence, the neutrino oscillations do depend on Majorana phase...

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a Cherenkov detector located at the South Pole, instrumenting a cubic kilometer of ice. The DeepCore subdetector is located at the lower center of the IceCube array, and has denser configuration that has improved a...

We present a brief description of the Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) hardware trigger system. The SBND experiment is a liquid argon neutrino detector that sits on the central axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB), located at Fermilab. The dete...

The higher beam intensity available for Mu2e-II will require a substantially different target design. This paper discusses our recent advances in conceptual R&D for a Mu2e-II target station. The design is based on energy deposition and radiation...

Photon detection systems (PDS) are an integral part of liquid-argon neutrino detectors. Besides providing the timing information for an event, which is necessary for reconstructing the drift coordinates of ionizing particle tracks, photon detectors c...

In the search for the CP violation (CPV) in the leptonic sector, crucial information was obtained a decade ago from reactor and accelerator experiments. The discovery and measurement of the third neutrino mixing angle, ${\theta }_{13}$, with a value ∼9${}^{\&}$...

The ICARUS detector will search for LSND-like neutrino oscillations exposed at shallow depths to the FNAL BNB beam, acting as the far detector in the short-baseline neutrino (SBN) program. Cosmic background rejection is particularly important for the...

The 476-ton active mass ICARUS T-600 Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) is a pioneering development that has become the template for neutrino and rare event detectors, including the massive next-generation international Deep Underground Ne...

Atmospheric neutrinos, due to their multi-GeV range of energies and wide range of baselines, can probe into the possible existence of dark matter inside the core of the Earth in a unique way via Earth matter effects in neutrino oscillations. We demon...

T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long baseline neutrino experiment that exploits a neutrino and antineutrino beam produced at the Japan Particle Accelerator Research Centre (J-PARC) to provide world-leading measurements of the parameters governing neutrin...

The pion–argon cross-section measurement is crucial to understanding effects such as final state interactions, which account for a large source of systematic uncertainty in neutrino oscillation experiments. ProtoDUNE-SP, with its beam of charge...

We present the novel idea of using the atomic radiative emission of neutrino pairs to test physics beyond the Standard Model, including light vector/scalar mediators and the anomalous neutrino electromagnetic moments. With $\mathcal{O}$(eV) momentum transfer, at...

Permanent electric dipole moments (EDMs) are excellent probes of physics beyond the Standard Model, especially on new sources of CP violation. The muon EDM has recently attracted significant attention due to discrepancies in the magnetic anomaly of t...

As part of a currently ongoing upgrade to the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, seven new strings will be deployed in the central region of the detector to enhance the capability to detect neutrinos in the GeV range. A main science objective of the IceCu...

SND@LHC is designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity range of $7.2<\eta <8.4$. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is a hybrid...

The High-Angle Time Projection Chambers (HA-TPCs) are a new set of detectors that will equip the off-axis near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. A prototype of the Field Cage instrumented with one ERAM detecto...

Optical readout of large scale dual-phase liquid Argon TPCs is an attractive alternative to charge readout and has been successfully demonstrated on a 2 × 2 m active region within the CERN protoDUNE cold box. ARIADNE${}^{+}$ uses four Timepix3 cameras...

Refugee youth resettled in the United States experience two main barriers to long-term participation in STEM fields: (a) access to STEM skills and knowledge which is impacted by relocation and interrupted schooling, and (b) access to crafting positiv...

The cubic-kilometre neutrino telescope (KM3NeT) is a piece of deep-sea infrastructure composed of two neutrino telescopes consisting of large-scale 3D arrays of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). KM3NeT is currently under construction on the Mediterranean...

We compare the semi-inclusive ${\nu }_{\mu }{-}^{12}$C cross-section measurements via T2K and MINER$\nu$A collaborations with the predictions from the SuSAv2-MEC model implemented in the neutrino event generator GENIE and an unfactorized approach based on t...

Super-Kamiokande (SK) has observed ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrino recoil electrons at kinetic energies as low as 3.49 MeV to study neutrino flavor conversion within the sun. At SK-observable energies, these conversions are dominated by the Mikheyev–Smirnov&...

Hyper-Kamiokande, featuring a 260 kton cylindrical water Cherenkov detector, is one of the defining next-generation neutrino experiments. In addition to investigating neutrino oscillations with a dedicated, high-intensity muon neutrino beam, it will...

The NuMI target facility at Fermilab produces an intense muon neutrino beam for the NOvA (NuMI Off-axis ${\nu }_e$ Appearance) long baseline neutrino experiment. Three arrays of muon monitors located downstream of the hadron absorber in the NuMI beamline...

This experiment to search for the one of the charged lepton flavor-violating processes, muon-electron conversion, DeeMe, is being conducted at the J-PARC MLF H-Line in Japan. This experiment utilizes a pulsed proton beam from the Rapid Cycling Synchr...

The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment conducted in Japan. It aims to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters by measuring the muon neutrino beam produced at the J-PARC accelerator complex at both near and...

The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, will be the brightest spallation neutron source in the world, when its driving superconducting proton linac achieves the design power of 5 MW at 2 GeV. Such a high-po...

The muon collider is an excellent prospect as a multi-TeV lepton collider, with the possibility for high luminosity and reaching 10 TeV or more. In order to realise such luminosity, high beam brightness is required. Ionisation cooling, which was demo...

KM3NeT/ORCA is an underwater neutrino telescope which is currently being deployed in the Mediterranean Sea. Its geometry has been optimized for the study of neutrino oscillations using atmospheric neutrinos (within an energy range of 1–100 $\mathrm{G}$eV)...

The European Spallation Source (ESS) will be the most powerful neutron source in the world. This facility offers a unique opportunity to study fundamental physics, in particular the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe due to the develop...

The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber experiment is pursuing a broad range of neutrino physics measurements, including some of the first high-statistics results for neutrino–argon scattering cross-sections. At the neutrino energie...

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a neutrino experiment under construction in an underground laboratory with a 650 m rock overburden near Jiangmen in southern China. The detector’s main component will be 20 kton of liquid...

In many modern particle physics experiments, high-rate data handling is one of the most critical challenges due to the increase in particle intensity required to achieve higher statistics. We will tackle the challenge in the COMET experiment by devel...

The observation of lepton flavour violation (LFV) in the charged lepton sector would be an unambiguous sign of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), and thus, it is the channel of choice for many BSM searches. LFV searches in muon decays in partic...

Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator-based neutrino experiment, being built in the Guangdong province in Southern China. JUNO will act as a multipurpose observatory for neutrinos produced by artificial and...

Long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments rely on detailed models of neutrino interactions on nuclei. These models constitute an important source of systematic uncertainty, partially because detectors to date have been unable to detect final sta...

We discuss the phenomenology of dark-sector signals coming not only from the conventionally-used neutral meson decays but also from recently-realized charged-meson decays. We argue that charged mesons can be overlooked even though there are efficient...

The discovery of neutrino oscillations is the first laboratory evidence of New Physics beyond the Standard Model. Oscillating neutrinos necessarily imply that neutrinos are massive and that (neutral) lepton flavour is violated. However, a signal of c...

The IceCube detector is particularly sensitive to high-energy neutrinos due to its size and photosensor spacing. In this review we present results from the search for dark matter in the sun and earth, including a search for dark matter that annihilat...

Monitored neutrino beams are facilities where beam diagnostics enable the counting and identification of charged leptons in the decay tunnel of a narrow band beam. These facilities can monitor neutrino production at the single particle level (flux pr...