Comput. Sci. Math. Forum, 2023, IS4SI Summit 2023

The International Summit for The Study of Information (ISSI) is a biannual series of international conferences, dedicated to bringing experts worldwide together to exchange ideas, share progress and explore future trends in the information discipline, as well as facilitate collaborations between participants to meet new challenges [...] Full article

In the age of global challenges, digitalisation in any social system must be shaped for the common good and not for particular economic interests. In order to do so, it is incumbent upon studies of information to explicate the possibility of such a design. How can the interplay of social and technological factors be modelled to allow for digital humanism? The author proposes the model of so-called “techno-social systems”. By terming them so, they shall be differentiated from usually being called—in reverse order—“socio-technical systems”. This study shall make clear that a techno-social system is a specification of a social system and not the other way around. The shaping of such a system can then be understood by a cycle of ideal values, value dispositions and value qualities. It is this cycle that can be influenced by social actors. It can materialise digital humanism through compliance with imperatives concerning the technological support for worldwide governance, worldwide dialogue and worldwide netizenship. Full article

The purpose of this paper is to revisit the concepts of a third in logic and philosophy that have existed since antiquity, widely separated in time and space, but expressing what we consider a higher level of understanding, without going outside the boundaries of science. We claim that the logic applicable to real complex processes combines a non-standard Western “Logic in Reality” and insights from classical Indian and contemporary Japanese logics for which the former provides the necessary grounding. Full article

A general study of information is necessary to set firm foundations for the studies of secondary concepts of intelligence, consciousness, and their relation to computation. The lack of such foundations can be blamed for the global-scale promotion of pseudo-scientific myths about the future of humanity. Information study is not ready for this overarching role due to the lack of attention to its methodology. In particular, methods of structurally analyzing information independent of probability and the long overdue development of information semantics and ontology are missing or underdeveloped. This paper has a limited scope, but some directions for development are suggested in particular for the changes in the quest for information semantics. Full article

The revolutionary development of human knowledge and the fundamental change of human civilization are impelled by the transformation of the scientific paradigm. We have enough reason to regard the middle of the 20th century as the beginning of a new human era. Since then, a new scientific and technological revolution has brought mankind into the new era of information civilization, accompanied by the rise of the information paradigm. This paper will be presented in the following four aspects: the information paradigm; the unified relationship of inner fusion of human knowledge developing patterns; the unified information science between heaven and earth; and a rationally constructed philosophy of information, which is the philosophical basis for establishing a unified information science. Full article

This paper examines the evolving understanding of information and its increasing importance in the age of big data and artificial intelligence. It outlines three main approaches to comprehending information: source-preexisting, signal-carrying, and receiver-assigning. These approaches pave the way for a comprehensive understanding of information that requires a fundamental paradigm shift. This paper argues that understanding information as a relation is crucial to this shift, with organism receptivity being key to fully grasping original information. Through receptive relations, we can comprehend not just biological information but also the information nature of DNA. This paper further contends that differentiating information from information encoding is essential to lifting the veil of matter/energy from information and resolving the dilemma of information conservation. We conclude that research on receptive-relation understanding and the nature of information has profound implications for theory and practice, offering broader prospects for development in human cognition. Full article

The Braess paradox (discovered in 1968 by the German mathematician Dietrich Braess) describes how a possible relief of a system, by introducing new possibilities to distribute load or local density in flows inside the system, can actually increase stress on the system. It is most often researched in a world of rational decision-makers, who are assumed to cause the worsening situation due to rational optimization of individual interests. In strongly complex networks, the exploitation of new possibilities most probably needs rational decision-makers who can see the use of new possibilities for them. Interestingly, a mechanical analogy of the situation also exists, where new possibilities—in this case for forces in a system to attack—lead to a loss of stability inside the system. In this example, a string that was introduced to relieve the load on two springs leads to counter-intuitive overloading. With the perspective that the evolution of information processing systems is already beginning in a physical and chemical pre-biotic world, this is an interesting case that might give further insight into how and when choices between many possibilities could threaten the function of a system rather than making it more durable and adaptable. The example is discussed based on a review of literature from the humanities as well as the natural sciences. Full article

This paper explores ChatGPT’s influence and the philosophical reflections it has inspired in the media industry. As a state-of-the-art large language model with powerful text generation capabilities, ChatGPT can help people better understand and process large amounts of information, thus affecting the information ecology. This article points out that ChatGPT has a wide range of application values in areas such as language translation, which can promote international exchanges and cultural integration, and that it can have a positive impact on China’s strengthening of its international communication capacity. However, the application of ChatGPT also brings some problems, such as the spamming of false information and the spread of English-language data infiltration. In order to give full play to the value of ChatGPT and make full use of the unique advantages of human beings when using AI, we need to pay attention to the construction of counterfeit detection technology, strengthen media literacy training, and pay attention to the collaborative creations of human beings and machines that promote the realization of cultural value. Full article

This study offers a philosophical reflection on digital labor and its role in promoting quality economic development. It explores the interrelationship between digital labor, characterized by the utilization of digital skills and tools, and the evolving landscape of the global economy. It scrutinizes the dynamics of digital labor in stimulating economic growth, its implications on labor markets, and associated ethical issues. This paper prompts a thought-provoking discourse on how this emergent form of labor can be harnessed effectively for sustainable and equitable economic progress while addressing concerns related to job security, worker rights, and the digital divide. Full article

As a new perspective of understanding and explaining the world, system theory provides a new approach for studying Chinese ancient philosophy. Starting with a systematic perspective, this paper takes Wang Fuzhi, a philosopher in ancient China, as a clue and through the regularity and hierarchy of the integrality of a system to analyze the ontology of Qi (air) in order to explore new discoveries about the interaction between the Chinese ontology of ancient philosophy and system theory. Full article

Social robots are tangible autonomous robots capable of interacting and communicating with humans. The contradiction arises between their rejection of moral nihilism and the current lack of ethical identity, leading to a dual identity crisis of “agent-receiver”. Constructing an ethical identity is advantageous in enhancing the socialization of social robots and facilitating their integration into society. Through a three-dimensional analysis of the “institution-literature-experience”, the key to constructing the ethical identity of social robots lies in “memory”: social robots need to possess “memory morality” software that enables them to adapt to diverse moral contexts using multiple moral behaviors. Memory assists in establishing the ethical identity of social robots, emphasizing the importance of considering the subject status of social robots and harnessing the mediating role of various subjects to achieve a transition from “moral memory” to “memory morality”. Full article

As a governance framework for emerging technologies, the responsible research and innovation (RRI) approach faces some fundamental conflicts, particularly between “inclusivity” and “agility”. When we try to apply RRI principles to the development of AI, we also encounter similar difficulties. Therefore, it may be helpful to change the approach by not only seeing AI as the object of ethical governance but also as an effective tool for it. This involves mainly three levels: first, using AI directly to solve general ethical problems; second, using AI to solve the ethical problems brought about by AI; and third, using AI to upgrade the RRI framework. By doing something at these three levels, we can promote the fusion of AI and technology ethics and move towards ethical engineering, thus pushing ethical governance to new heights. In traditional ethical governance approaches, ethics is external, brought in by external actors, and the focus is on actors. However, in this new approach, ethics must be internalized in technology, with the focus not only on actors, but also on technology itself. Its essence lies in the invention and creation of technologically ethical governance tools. Full article

In response to Hume’s challenge to causation, Kant and Bayes made two oriented responses, each addressing an aspect of Hume’s problem. Kant answered the question of cause and effect as an empirical possibility, which makes the certainty and necessity of causality ascribe to human reason itself. Bayes proposed the idea of replacing causality with correlation within the empirical possibility and gave a method for calculating the probability of correlation, finding a mathematical representation and reasoning for Hume’s notion of “probability”. The idea of correlation and the logic of probability are better adapted to deal with a world with uncertainty and are important in the deep learning of artificial intelligence. Full article

The essentialist view of human nature holds that there is an a priori, non-historical essence to humanity, which is increasingly under the threat of rapidly developing technologies, especially human enhancement technologies. In contrast, the constructivist account of post-humanism asserts that since technology is a constituent component of humanity, there is no such thing as a non-historical kernel to human nature. However, this account lacks a solid foundation of ontology, leading to several theoretical difficulties it cannot overcome. Objective activity, a concept developed by Karl Marx, can be used to establish a non-metaphysical ontology on which a Marxist account of post-humanism can be built with better explanatory power. Full article

Capitalism has shifted to the stage of digital capitalism with the use of digital technology, bringing new changes such as the spread of digital labor, the prominence of data value, the construction of digital platforms, and the formation of digital capital, but this transformation of capitalism in the digital era is only in the form of peripheral expression, and the nature of the capitalist private system and the pursuit of surplus value have not changed. The way in which capitalism gains profit in the digital era is mainly information extraction, converting self-made information into surplus data to make profit. The self-made information generated by the subject becomes a tool for capital to make profit. In order to promote the healthy development of digital productivity, it is necessary to use technological development for the people, so that digital technology can be used again to meet people’s needs for a better life and promote human liberation. Full article

Along with the development of artificial-intelligence technology, the construction of machine consciousness has become a hot issue studied by scholars. Generally speaking, the research methods of machine consciousness are mainly divided into two approaches: the algorithm-construction strategy and the brain-like-construction strategy. The algorithm-construction strategy refers to the research of machine consciousness using mathematical and theoretical computations without considering the human-brain factor but by using the symbolic computation path. The brain-like-construction strategy refers to exploring the possibility of consciousness generation by machines through biophysical mechanisms on the basis of studying the mechanism of consciousness generation in human brain. In this paper, we will present these two paths of machine-consciousness construction and analyze their limitations. Full article

Reflecting on the history of discussions about the existence of mathematics, we can summarize the characteristics of the traditional path of research on the existence of mathematics. By analyzing the drawbacks of traditional research on the existence of mathematics, we introduce the philosophy of information to re-examine the existence of mathematics. Mathematics is an indirectly existing social information system that is unified organically through the following three states: it-itself, for-itself, and regenerated information. Furthermore, by presenting mathematics in the system of the epistemology of information, we can exhibit a dynamic, evolving, and interconnected picture of the existence of mathematics. Full article

By reviewing the scope of domain division in information philosophy and correlating it with the classification of music spaces, this study highlights the inadequacies of prior research on defining music space types. The previous classification of music space types neglected the significance of spatial information as a crucial dimension in comprehending the characteristics and qualities of music spaces. Information philosophy proposes three characteristics of existence: objective reality, objective non-reality, and subjective non-reality. Music space, as a part of existence, can also be classified according to these characteristics. By reclassifying the types of music space, we can better understand the properties and attributes of each type. Full article

This paper focuses on the objective reality of information. What is information? “Infor-mation is information, not matter or energy”. There has been no clear answer to this question since it was raised by Weiner. This paper attempts to find the answer to this question by examining how information comes into the view of scientists. This is a scientific hermeneutic process that begins with the interpretation of the empirical texts of biological genetic phenomena and the formal texts of machine communication, both based on the forms of cultural communication of human society, and, during the process, the belief in the objective reality about information is gradually established. Full article

Einstein’s concept of spatiotemporal integration only involves the spatialization of time without the temporization of space. Therefore, there is an inevitable and important issue, which is the need for time to cancel its own characteristics to adapt to the rules of space, leading to the dilemma of the antinomy between time and space, which is both integrated and not fully integrated. This kind of integration is not only incomplete spatiotemporal integration but also faces the situation of being misinterpreted in the meaning of time itself so that the meaning of time itself tends to disappear, and space cannot balance the dual meanings of time and space. The solution of information philosophy proposes a possibility to solve this problem. In the sense of information evolution, the spatialization of time and the spatialization of space are carried out simultaneously, thus achieving complete spatiotemporal integration. Full article

A single paragraph of about 100 words to give a brief introduction to your work. With the continuous development of global cultural exchange, the impact of cultural factors on the ethics of artificial intelligence is becoming increasingly significant. Therefore, it is necessary to address new issues in the practical application of artificial intelligence from a cross-cultural perspective and construct compatible global ethical principles of artificial intelligence from a macro perspective. This article first discusses the global computer ethics with the widest coverage, and further analyzes the different attitudes towards information management in Japan, the United States, and Germany using comparative research methods, starting from the standardization of network information. Secondly, this paper discusses the ethical decision of autonomous vehicle, which is the focus of cross-cultural AI ethics, and shows the differences of different cultural moral clusters on this ethical decision. Full article

Since its emergence, enticement detection using information technology, as a special means of investigation, has been widely used in judicial practice to combat crime due to its inherent advantages of initiative and efficiency. With the development of social economy and the improvement of science and technology, enticement detection has been especially applied in new crime cases with high concealment and strong technology in recent years, and it plays a role that is incomparable to the traditional passive investigation method. However, in the practice of enticement detection, it is easy to “go beyond the boundary”, which leads to its abuse. This not only fails to achieve the purpose of using the means to fight crime effectively, but also causes the negative effect of damaging our country’s judicial credibility and violating the citizens’ personality rights. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize enticement detection in the relevant legislation and put its legalization on the agenda earlier to guarantee entity justice and procedural justice in its implementation. Full article

Based on the shift in the trend of Philosophy of science, from “fact” study to “value” study, in the second half of the last century, and the subsequent wave of “philosophy of culture”, the study on the Philosophy of Information science from a cultural dimension is more in line with the taste of Philosophy, science and culture in this era. At the same time, it is also an urgent requirement in the age of information. Therefore, the study of this paper will theoretically help to promote the formation of a unified paradigm of Philosophical Investigations on Information science. Full article

Modern newspapers refer to those published and distributed in modern times. From the perspective of information, the modern newspaper is not only a horizontal transmission of social information but also a carrier of historical information. The advent of the Information Age has also shifted the carrier of modern newspapers to an electronic data carrier. Modern newspapers not only meet the needs of people to understand the current social reality by acquiring information but also can decipher and restore historical facts from the historical information contained in them according to the information retention characteristics of modern newspapers. The electronic newspaper database also expands the information carriers and dissemination channels for newspaper retention, presenting a new form of historiography. Full article

In the information society, people can think about the existence of subjectivity through the philosophy of the body. Body philosophy breaks the dominance of consciousness and constructs human subjectivity from the body, so that people can realize the unity of body and mind through the body. People understand each other through physical perception, behavior, and speech. Finally, body philosophers such as Merleau-Ponty explained the intercorporate as “flesh” from the dimension of ontology, and the homology based on “flesh” completely broke the barrier of the dichotomy between subject and object and established an inseparable connection with the world. Body philosophy solves the problem of how to deal with the relationship between humans and others and nature in the information society, which helps people not to lose themselves in the information society and determine their own existence and value in the world. Full article

The evolution of Marx’s ideation was accompanied by a continuous, in-depth understanding of human essence. From the promotion of human self-consciousness to the status of divinity to the transformation of humans into a human essence, his thoughts turned from idealism to humanistic material. Subsequently, from the fact that a human is the embodiment of human essence to the fact that man is the sum of all social relationships, Marx finally turned to practical materialism. Marx’s thoughts on human essence illustrated the beautiful development of mankind and the assumption of personal, happy life. He uncovered the beauty of human nature, labor, harmony, and practice in human essence and pursued the return of human essence to “beauty” throughout his life. In the contemporary era, with the popularization of artificial intelligence, the development of the machine industry in the 19th century precipitated problems similar to those faced today regarding unemployment and how human development has caused machines to replace people due to today’s popularization of intelligence. Today, Marx’s thoughts on human essence still offer insights and hold practical significance. Full article

The creation of ecological aesthetics is a response to the ecological crisis in the field of aesthetics. Based on the grand goal of the construction of an ecological civilization, research on ecological aesthetics has emerged. However, ecological aesthetics has failed to keep pace with the times in terms of informatization. If the ecological aesthetics of an information civilization wants to realize an energy-level transition and surpass the traditional vision, it is necessary to pay attention to its information factor. In order for the eco-aesthetics of an information civilization to make an energy leap beyond the traditional eco-aesthetic vision, it is necessary to pay attention to the information factor of eco-aesthetics. Information thinking generated from information science and information philosophy can provide a new solution to the dilemma in ecological aesthetics in modern times. Full article

Yin-yang, thought in ancient Chinese philosophy, contains rich information philosophy implications. The theory of “Yin-yang Gan Sheng” believes that Yin and Yang’s interaction can make emergences of new things and new life, which implies a kind of information ontology connotation; The Yi (changes) of Yin-yang represents a process of information evolution, which contains dual directions, i.e., the tendency to Yin or Yang; the final result of the evolution of Yin-yang information schema is Sheng (emergence of new things or new life), which manifests the high unity of Tao of heaven and humanity. Full article

Information philosophy is an information society governance viewpoint and methodology provided by China’s philosophy to cope with the wave of information civilization. Due to the rapid development of information technology, the “liberalism” of network information is rampant, which affects the construction of ideological discourse power. Discourse is information, and the information power derived from the information society will evolve into ideological discourse right from another angle. By expounding the ubiquity of information power, this paper puts forward a more targeted practical path for the construction of ideological discourse right in the new era by following the thinking of information philosophy in order to help the recognition and influence of leading ideological discourse. Full article

AI technology is empowering human society. As for the ethical issues arising from technology, there have been many concerns and discussions, and the corresponding governance approaches have been put forward. However, there is not yet an integrated approach. The known governance approaches have a variety of flaws, leading to theoretical problems such as existence, interpretation, and value, and practical problems such as justice, security, and responsibilities. To build an integrated AI governance approach considering multi-stakeholder, an ethical governance approach of AI named "human-in-the-loop" is proposed in this paper. It analyzes the advantages of this method and points out future problems. Full article

In modern society, people are becoming increasingly addicted to mobile phones, resulting in the alienation from objective real life and in people becoming captives of mobile phones. As the saying goes, since there is such a social phenomenon, there will inevitably be social reflection around it. Therefore, this article explores the reasons for the generation, maintenance forces, and coming difficulties of “mobile phone captives”, and explores some possible solutions and redemptions. Full article

The present-day information revolution has not only greatly enhanced human productivity and changed people’s way of life but has also opened up a new paradigm for the study of complex information science and information philosophy. With the in-depth development of information-related technologies, the concept of information has been expanded, and the definition of information has been expanded from the dimension of information and communication to the same dimension as the definition of matter and energy. Over time, driven by the information revolution, researchers in different fields have revealed the nature of information from different dimensions and promoted the integration of information science and information philosophy, respectively. Full article

The term “information” exhibits notable differences in its usage in different genres. In the field of Philosophy of Information, information serves as a primary object of study, while in Economics, information is considered as a research tool. In the process of resource allocation, information functions as an intermediary that connects different entities, and in the study of allocation, information serves as a medium to understand the objective world. In Economics, information is interpreted as “uncertainty eliminated”. The “uncertainty” in economic activities and economic relationships is explicated based on the determined information, and thus, the retrospection of economic information creates predictability. Conversely, from the perspective of the Philosophy of Information, information possesses both determinacy and indeterminacy, and its existence emerges from chaos. In comparison to the understanding of the essence of information in the Philosophy of Information, Economics has relative limitations in comprehending information. This article attempts to reflect on economics from the perspective of the Philosophy of Information to provide a contrast and connection between the two fields. Full article

The independent, self-disciplined, and liberal Enlightenment Subject is the foundation for the discussion of community in traditional political philosophy. However, in the present age, the Enlightenment Subject is still unfinished, and instead, the economically helpless, politically disempowered, and culturally irrational “Multitude” is a true reflection of reality. Postmodern philosophy has created a society of coexistence, borderless and liquid, based on this “multitude”, opening up new possibilities for the future of our species. However, postmodern philosophy’s theories are impracticable because of their deconstructive and speculative nature. The information society and this community, however, overlap in several ways. The true possibility of this community also exists in the information society. Full article

The authors of this article believe that from the perspective of the development of human spiritual products, the transformation of our scientific worldview and methodology from the paradigm of physics to the paradigm of informatics is an inevitable law of historical development. This article introduces the concepts and theories of two information science revolutions. The first information science revolution transformed “information concepts” into “information tools”. The second information science revolution transformed “information tools” into “information concepts”, which had a decisive impact on the transformation of human scientific views and methodologies (classed as scientific paradigms). At the same time, we observe the development trajectory of “psychology”, which began from the original version of ancient Greece, which passed through “religious psychology” and “physical psychology” and developed into the currently known “information psychology”. We can see the evolution of the “era spirit”: from “gods” and “materials”, it inevitably moves towards “information”. Therefore, promoting the spirit of the times of “Informationism” is a common task for contemporary scientists and philosophers. Full article

The Call for Papers of IS4SI points out that paradigms from the disciplines of information and physics, respectively, reflect very different scientific viewpoints and methodologies. The sponsor and organizer selected “Paradigm Changes in Information Discipline” as the theme of the conference. The authors of this paper believe that the key to achieving the transformation of the “scientific paradigm” from a physical discipline to an information discipline lies in revealing and identifying one of the most fundamental propositions: recognizing the one-sidedness of “physicalism” and the universality of “informationism”, and accepting the world view, scientific view, values, and methodology of theoretical information science. Therefore, the main content of this paper discusses the one-sidedness of physicalism, the universality of informatics, and propose the promotion of the zeitgeist of the information age. Full article

This paper discusses the “what”, “why”, and “how” of the issue of “discipline informatization”. Since the Renaissance, the humanities and social sciences established under the guidance of physical-mathematical methods, such as Comte’s “social physics”, have focused mainly on the material characteristics and information carriers of cultural phenomena. Although they have gained much, they have basically failed to grasp the central axis, baseline, and link of “social information”. Therefore, the authors of this paper take the growth of natural sciences as a reference and focus on the discipline informatization of the humanities and social sciences. Full article

As a philosophical distillation of the study of human consciousness, Husserl’s phenomenology reveals the truth and principles of direct experience and is essentially an information discipline, known as “information phenomenology”. The main purpose of this article is to explain the basic ideas and methods of Husserl’s phenomenology based on the basic ideas and methodology of informatics. Our research results mainly include the following aspects: firstly, the misleading effect of physicalism on psychology and Husserl’s criticism of psychologism; secondly, information ontology and the “intentionality” of life information; thirdly, the “suspension” of phenomenology and the “reduction” of essence; fourthly, the world of science and the world of daily life; and finally, the limitations of Husserl’s phenomenology. Full article

What philosophy truly needs is to re-present the problems of the relationship between the natural world and consciousness, matter and spirit at a higher and deeper theoretical level. Only in this way can we make substantial breakthroughs in our exploration of the issue of time. The author wants to break the dualistic division of existence in traditional philosophy and lead to the understanding of the dichotomy of time structure. Using information as an intermediary to communicate material and spirit, subject and object also overcome the previous philosophical research on the dichotomy between material world time and spiritual world time, objective world time and subjective world time. Within and between different levels of subjective information activities, there are multiple and complex spatializations of time and temporal interaction of space. In these multiple and complex interactions, the four-dimensional interaction of time and space is omnidirectional, where the spatio-temporal structure itself has the characteristics of holography. Full article

The rapid development of digital technology not only outlines the prospects of digital consumption but also intensifies the phenomenon of digital consumer alienation, which involves information processing, information presentation, and the subject’s perception of information. In the perspective of information philosophy, the world is a dual unity of matter and information, where every object is both a material entity and an informational entity. Only by cultivating information thinking can the consumer subject avoid alienation in the process of digital consumption. The ideal blueprint of digital consumption should be one where technological advancements accompany the fulfillment of the subject’s needs while also stimulating their creative thinking. Full article

AIGC is a hot topic at present, and its display of human-like creativity has led to a rethinking of “labor” In order to unravel the mysteries brought about by new technology, this article takes the research perspective of Marxist political economy and, by sorting out the concepts, evolution, and application cases of AIGC, comes to understand what AIGC is. It analyzes the argument that AIGC poses a challenge to the composition of labor value, responds with the basic theory of Marxist political economy, and further examines the so-called labor of AI. It is worth noting that AI, as a revolutionary technological tool, has many worrying risks in practice. But it is not a terrible innovation. Just as Marx’s attitude towards machinery replacing handicrafts, new technology, and new tools always bring new opportunities for human development. Full article

Against the background of the rapid development of today’s human society, this article integrates the concept of musical uncertainty through informatization, uses the exploration of dialectics in philosophy to further summarize the informatization, uncertainty and essential attributes of music, integrates with the author’s own understanding of the above musical concepts, and clarifies the author’s research results on the uncertainty of music. Full article

The theory of information ontology proposed by the Chinese philosophy of information not only changes the connotation and limit of “existence”, but also lays a foundation for the discussion of the originally illusory “non-existence” world from the level of philosophical abstraction. However, the existing information ontology still has some aspects that need to be expanded and deepened, and there are several problems that need to be solved. The new information evolution ontology can provide some constructive answers to solve these problems. Full article

The digital living state brings great convenience to human production, communication, consumption and leisure, and also brings people a lot of new worries. Many scholars discussed human’s sensibility, spiritual and aesthetic issues from the tension between technology and value, science and technology, and humanity. They also noticed the many changes that the body has experienced in the digital ecology. In this paper, referring to the existing theoretical results of the body philosophy of the body, the dual situation of the body in the digital survival was discussed, analyzed, and reflected upon. Not only does it reflect the contemporary value of body philosophy, but it also looks forward to finding effective ways to alleviate physical problems in the digital survival state. Full article

We consider the philosophy of information as a meta-philosophy by providing an overview of it. Simultaneously, we investigate the origins, characteristics, goals, and changes in thinking of big data. On the basis of this, we study big data in the context of the philosophy of information, focusing on the limitations of big data and considering its essence as a means of processing the phenomena of the world, so as to avoid exaggerating the value and significance of big data, which would result in unnecessary energy and resource consumption. Full article

As a product of existing mode of production, artificial intelligence has changed people’s daily practice and constructed three practice paths, including (1) human hands are liberated in intelligent technology, (2) human activities rely on intelligent technology, and (3) human efficiency is significantly improved by intelligent technology. This practice path is constructed from a long-term and macro perspective, but from a near-term and micro perspective, the ethical values based on this practical path are constructed in three sets of two laws: the (1) liberation of hands and monotonous division of labor, (2) technological dependence and cognitive limitations, and the (3) efficiency and loss of life. According to Marxist philosophy, the development of artificial intelligence will continue to be reflected in the abandonment of the two laws, that is, it will be reflected in the spiraling process from the short term to the long term, from micro to macro. Full article

Starting from the ancient philosophical proposition of “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”, this article attempts to answer the different responses of different holistic theories to “1 + 1 > 2” in different times. When trying to define systems or systematism, due to the introduction of the concept of exchange and traditional holism, one must ask the question of how to sublimate them into modern systems theory? How does systems philosophy counteract-eat the traditional holism step by step and reshape holism under the framework of systematism? Full article

Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is gradually approaching or surpassing human level in terms of perceptual ability, computational ability, logical ability, and even language ability. However, the cognitive concepts proposed by Buddhism, such as “Twelve Factors”, “Eight Consciousness”, “Emptiness”, and “Middle Path”, do not seem to be able to be technically processed by artificial intelligence. The fundamental reason is that artificial intelligence, as an intelligence made by humans, can only intervene in the field of phenomena not the field of ontology. This is exactly the fundamental difference between humans and AI. Conversely, the fundamental difference between humans and AI provides a new perspective on “what is the noumenon”, which requires a re-cognition of ontology. Full article

Based on the modern dilemma of the existence of the subject, information philosophy is transformed into ontological “subject information”, and the basic elements of the virtual dimension and the real dimension are abstracted from it. And then, with the help of the alternate transformation of the virtual dimension information and the real dimension information, the existence and evolution of subject information are explored. Full article

Spectacular achievements of the so-called large language models (LLM), a technical solution that has emerged within natural language processing (NLP), are a common experience these days. In particular, this applies to the artificial text generated in various ways by these models. This text represents a level of semantic perfection comparable to that of or even equal to a human. On the other hand, there is extensive and old research on the role and meaning of the text in human culture and society, with a very rich philosophical background gathered in the field of hermeneutics. The paper justifies the necessity of using the research background of hermeneutics to study artificial texts and also proposes the first conclusions about these texts in the context of this background. It is the formulation of foundations of the research area that can be called the hermeneutics of artificial text. Full article

For many years, symbolic paradigms have dominated AI, but the impressive accomplishments of neural approaches have made them a new dominant paradigm. However, each of these paradigms has distinct advantages. This talk presents a hybrid paradigm that integrates case-based reasoning (CBR) with network methods to achieve the benefits of both. CBR is a knowledge-based reasoning and learning methodology inspired by human cognition that adapts prior cases—records of prior experiences, to solve new problems. The CBR process supports efficient knowledge-based reasoning and the reuse of structured or unstructured solutions; it is naturally interpretable, can learn from few examples, and provides inertia-free lazy learning. However, the success of CBR depends on similarity and case-adaptation knowledge, which may be hard to acquire. This talk presents opportunities for combining case-based reasoning with neural networks to leverage both paradigms. Full article

Artificial intelligence systems (AISs) have become a part of our lives, with many even allowing themselves to be “programmed” by AI-based applications. However, AI can also aid people in carrying out various activities. The third hype of AI has focused on the exploration of an exponentially growing amount of data, most of which are not managed. What might the fourth hype be? The pursuit of the dream of AI initiators of building a machine more intelligent than humans and the race to achieve computer power raise some questions: is this compatible with human and planetary sustainability? How far can AI research and applications go? What future directions could AI research and businesses take? This paper will present perspectives on the synergy between humans and AI systems. Two aspects are discussed: the empowerment of humans through AI, and the use of AI to protect the planet, with the aim of trying to answer the difficult question of how we can balance researchers’ ambitions, greedy businesses, and sustainable development with protecting the planet. Full article

Informational granules are crucial objects in Interactive Granular Computing (IGrC). They are making it possible to link abstract objects and physical (not mathematical) objects in processes related to perceiving situations in the real world. The discussed IGrC computing model based on so-called complex granules is not purely abstract. Informational granules are responsible for the realization of the interaction between complex granules and the environment. The control of c-granules is responsible for the transformation of the current configuration of informational granules into the new one. The role of informational granules in perceiving the real world using c-granules is discussed. Full article

Decision rule extraction is an important tool for artificial intelligence and data mining, but decision rule redundancy reduces the generalization ability of causal trees. In order to better reduce the size of causal trees and improve the classification accuracy, based on factor space theory and aiming at the elimination of noise and special samples in the dataset using the extension decision degree criteria, the conditional factor corresponding to the optimal extension decision degree is used as the branch node of the tree, and the abnormal state object is removed from the conditional factor, recurring to obtain the streamlined causal tree algorithm. Comparison with other classification algorithms shows that the streamlined causal tree algorithm produces the smallest causal tree size, the least redundant rules, and the best classification accuracy. Full article

Factor implicit thought in factor space theory can be used to solve the classification problem of machine learning. On the basis of factor implicitness, a serial sweeping class classification algorithm is proposed, and a factor implicit model is constructed with this algorithm, and then tested and classified. On the basis of a serial scanning algorithm, this paper proposes a fine-tuning Sweeping Learning Algorithm, an ascending Side-By-Side Serial Scanning Algorithm, and a combination algorithm to solve the two problems in the running of the serial scanning algorithm. In order to solve the problem that the training speed of a traditional serial scanning algorithm is too slow due to the large amount of data, a new method which can select mixed domains in advance—the partial-side serial scanning algorithm. Full article

The algorithm proposed in this paper can not only solve the binary classification problem, but can also solve the multi-classification problem. The combination of categories is defined on the basis of the sweeping serial classification algorithm, and the merging serial classification method of factors, both explicit and implicit, is proposed. The algorithm steps are given, and the numerical example is used for analysis. The results show that the proposed combined serial scanning classification method achieves factor concealment and is feasible and practical. The conclusion of factor implicit research on multi-classification learning expands the theory and application of factor space. Full article

Existing decision-making models are generally based on the classical normative paradigm, which seldom considers the limited cognitive and environmental resources of humans when making decisions in real environments. We draw on the theory of Artificial General Intelligence technology, Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System and heuristic-primed decision-making processes of psychology to propose a heuristic-primed decision-making model under the assumption of bounded resources. Firstly, we propose a spreading activation belief network based on experience-grounded semantics, which takes concepts as nodes and semantic relevance as edges, and changes the weights of logical reasoning links according to the evidence presented using multiple inferences rules so as to achieve the self-organization of its network topology. Next, multiple dynamically changing and conflicting goals are represented by a Non-Axiomatic Logic statement with two-dimensional desire-values. Finally, a controlled concurrent heuristic algorithm that can dynamically allocate limited computational resources and perform multiple inferences is proposed. Full article

Both human and AI behavior requires material as its carrier, and the behavior-directing information of both is influenced by internal and external factors. Their behavioral processes are mediated by information. The essence of their behavioral process model is that behavior is directed by information and both require processes such as information interaction, collection, processing, integration, and decision making. The material foundations and formation processes of humans and AI differ. AI’s human-like capabilities are primarily dependent on the incorporation of cognitive information from humans as behavioral guidance, while human behavioral guidance is mainly based on their own internal consciousness. The fundamental question that demands in-depth exploration in the field of AI is whether or not it is possible for AI to generate human consciousness without relying on human physiology. Full article

The authors of this article advocate the view that the transformation from a physics paradigm to an informatics paradigm is not a denial of the effectiveness and scope of application of the physics paradigm, but a criticism of the “arrogance” of the physics paradigm, which misleads research in the humanities and social sciences. Through the “disciplinary informatization” of the humanities and social sciences, their own disciplinary paradigms can be established. The research objects of “communication” and “dissemination”, respectively, are “material” and “information”, meaning that they should follow different scientific paradigms. After achieving the transformation into an informatics paradigm, we should strive to explore the “cooperation” between the two paradigms, allowing them to explain “nature” (such as biological gene DNA) and “society” (cultural gene MEME), especially human “thinking”. Obviously, the conditions for solving “physical and mental problems” since Plato and Descartes have already been met. Full article

Under the factor space theory, this paper proposes a new background base extraction algorithm to address the background base extraction algorithm being sensitive to outliers, the excessive number of iterations of the background base extraction algorithm, and the calculation time-consuming problem being too long. Based on the isolated forest algorithm, the background-based anomaly detection algorithm can identify and delete the anomalous points that will interfere with the background base extraction results, and the background-based anomaly detection uses each factor as an attribute to segment the data space, which is suitable for high-dimensional factor space; combined with α-shape, a new background base extraction algorithm, the base point detection algorithm, was proposed, which has low time and space complexity. Full article

In the field of computer vision, active vision systems based on Artificial General Intelligence have shown stronger adaptability compared to passive vision systems based on Special-purpose Artificial Intelligence when dealing with complex and general scenarios. The development of visual capabilities in intelligent agents follows stages similar to human infants, gradually progressing over time. It is also important to set appropriate goal systems for educational guidance. This paper presents preliminary research on the developmental overview of visual depth perception abilities using OpenNARS, an Artificial General Intelligence system equipped with visual perception and motion channels. This study reveals that the development of visual abilities is not based on a mathematical algorithm but rather an educational guidance of embodied experiences construction. Full article

Reflection Theory holds that our sensations reflect physical properties, whereas Empiricism believes that sense (data), presentations, and phenomena are the ultimate existence. Lenin adhered to Reflection Theory and criticized Helmholtz’s sensory symbolism for affirming the similarity between a sensation and a physical property. By using information and color vision theories, analyzing the ostensive definition with inverted qualia, and extending the relativity principle, this paper affirms the external world’s existence independent of personal sensations. Still, it denies the similarity between a sense and a physical property. Then, it improves symbolism to analog symbolism and Reflection Theory to Information Reflection Theory. Full article

In this paper, the author starts with a critique of Wiener’s advocated concept of information and provides new definitions for a series of fundamental concepts in the fundamentals of information science. Furthermore, a fresh interpretation of several fundamental issues in information science is presented, thereby establishing a distinct and innovative foundation for information science. Full article

With the development of information science and technology, people’s cognition of information concept is gradually changing. The author puts forward a new concept of information science. It is believed that the universe is composed of two parallel worlds: the material world and the information world. In the material world, there are two main elements: matter and energy. In the information world, there are also two main elements: information and intelligence. To a certain extent, material science, energy science, information science, and intelligence science can be considered as four independent disciplines. This report explains the meaning, basic properties, patterns of change, mutual differences, and relationships of the four major elements of material, energy, information, and intelligence. Full article

In a broad sense, a True Information Processor is a processor that collects, stores, and controls real information (signal) and is abbreviated as TIP. In a narrow sense, a True Information Processor refers to an information processor used to process biological real signals, namely biological TIP. It is mainly used to connect and interact with the real signals of living things so as to finally achieve the purposes of interaction with a living body, optimization of the body’s main program (self spirit), transfer of the body’s main program (self spirit), and upload consciousness. TIP collects the real signals of life, which can realize direct and real information docking and information interaction with a living body, and is an ideal upgrade substitute for brain–computer interface technology. Full article

The factor space theory of causal analysis and factor manifolds is essentially an optimisation problem in the application of intelligent systems and is closely related to linear programming. In this paper, based on the organic combination of factor space theory and the linear programming prism cut algorithm, we propose a procedural expansion model of linear programming, which proceduralises the solution method of linear programming by transforming the background relations or conceptual backgrounds with convexity into a set of restricted surfaces with the continuity method of the factor phase domain. The one-time solution is turned into an approximate optimisation-seeking process, and then this processisation is transferred to the framework of the factor space so that the processisation algorithm of linear programming can become a computational tool for the restructuring of intelligent systems. Full article

Husserl told readers that there are two ways to understand his theory, namely “starting from the world of life” or “starting from psychology”. We believe that theoretical informatics and information philosophy can be combined with the Husserl phenomenological movement as two important options to overcome the crisis of contemporary natural science. The purposes of this article are to analyze the ontological and epistemological roots of the scientific “crisis”; to criticize the one-sidedness of the mainstream of Western science and philosophy over the past 2300 years; to develop and perfect the foundation and core of information science: “theoretical informatics”; to apply the experience of “Information Psychology” to the “discipline informatization” in Law, Ethics, Linguistics, etc.; and to abstract information ontology, epistemology, and axiology based on theoretical informatics. Full article

Muscle synergies have emerged as a novel framework that offers a deeper understanding of the physiological basis of motor control and have been extensively applied in various fields. This study aims to investigate muscle synergies, involving the selection of the muscles of the lower limb while running, including the deep muscles. The muscle synergies were identified from the 23 muscle activations generated by the OpenSim simulation and experimented EMG, respectively, and these outcomes were compared. Our results revealed an additional synergy required to achieve a comparable variability accounting for (VAF) levels when considering 23 muscles compared to 10 muscles. This study highlights that the potential contribution of deep muscles to explaining the muscle synergies involved in running. These findings provide valuable insights for a comprehensive understanding of muscle synergy during running and the neuromotor control of human locomotion. Further optimization of the experimental protocols and extraction methods is necessary to enhance the results of muscle synergy analyses and promote their broader application across various fields in the future. Full article

In this paper, a few mathematical bases are given firstly. Then, the step thinness τp of primes is given as τp = Lo1 = P1ΠP/(P−1) for the inner character, having an lnX logarithmic outer character. The “best estimation and mutual exchange equivalent” are easily obtained as Lo1 = P1Π P/(P−1)~τp~lnX(ε). This is the principal contradiction, and P is the main aspect. Then, the sparsity τt of twin primes is defined as Lo2 = τt = P2 Π P/(P−2) = C2Lo1² = C2ln²X(C2 = 0.75739006). Then, the sparsity τg of the Goldbach pair and τb of both the twin and Goldbach pairs are obtained as Lo3 = τg = {2Lo1, Lo1², 2C2Lo1²} and Lo4 = τb =4.7Lo1³ (or they are omitted). Lastly, all conjectures can be proved with the same frame formula, N = X/LOK. The twin prime conjecture and Goldbach conjecture low bound are clearly and accurately proved with T = X/(C2Lo1²) = 1.32032X/ln²X and Gd = X/(2C2Lo1²) = 0.66016X/ln²X. Using Lo1 + C2 to decrypt the Selberg formula C(ω) = 2C(N) obtains the totally same results. Full article

In deep integration of universal logic and factor space theory, there has always been a theoretical problem that has not been adequately solved. Many results of the factor space theory are directly described in terms of the probability of statistical results, such as the probability of occurrence and non-occurrence of one event, the probability of simultaneous occurrence (and) of two events, and conditional probability. At present, all statistical results can be expressed in a complete cluster of universal logical operations, with the exception of how conditional probability can be expressed in a complete cluster of universal logical operations. This article focuses on exploring this issue to address a flaw in universal logic. In practical applications, another real mathematical problem has emerged. In the universal logic expression formula, there are generally four independent variables x, y, m, n, and one dependent variable z involved, while the probability statistical results only have x, y, and z, and m, n need to be calculated. Full article

Movement–process collaborative compound robots are an important part of intelligent factory logistics systems, and they usually have two control systems located in the movement platform and the process platform. Interaction between the two platforms often requires the central logistics execution system to work. This paper proposes a compound robot control system architecture that integrates movement control and process action control. Its hardware can be an industrial computer with movement- and process-related sensor interfaces, and its software with multi-process management completes the internal collaboration and external data exchange. This architecture can greatly reduce the cost of compound robots and the scheduling load on the central logistics system server, simplify the development of logistics control programs, improve real-time collaboration between movement and process control, and provide strong support for the realization of massive logistics devices’ collaborative management and control. Full article

Scholars have recently used various methods to study the human body’s characteristics, propose improvements, and rely on medical data. This research introduces a new real−time data collection and analysis system comprising two components: a smart mask for data collection and a processing unit for analysis and storage. The medical mask incorporates four sensors: three heat sensors to measure the nose tip and exhaled air temperature from the nostrils and mouth, along with a microphone for audio data. Collected data is instantly transmitted to the processing unit. Temperature readings are labeled and stored for analysis, while audio data is classified into breathing, coughing, and speaking categories using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. The SVM’s performance is further optimized using the Lion Algorithm. Evaluation results indicate satisfactory accuracy for temperature data collected from the mask. The SVM achieved 84.3% accuracy for sound data classification, while the Lion algorithm−optimized SVM achieved an even higher accuracy of 93.6%. Future work aims to establish a reliable data collection tool that will serve as the foundation for developing an intelligent human body analysis model called the real human body neural network (rhBNN+). Full article

Digital technology has broken the traditional “individual–system” trust dichotomy and has brought in a new “increment” of trust state to society. Taking an engineering project as an example, the key to a successful digital design, digital construction and digital operation is that digital technology has built an inclusive trust system and coordination mechanism in the whole life cycle of the project. In this process, the integration of the people, technology and system has broken the dimensional barrier of “man, machine and object” in the project, which not only exceeds the dependence on traditional individuals and systems, but also reduces the cost of system operation and improves the efficiency of project construction. Full article

Image vision has wide application prospects in the field of intelligent manufacturing, and studying an effective background base extraction algorithm has become an urgent need for factor space applications in the fields of big data and image vision. Based on this, an image background base extraction algorithm for identifying image information is proposed. The algorithm analyzes the characteristics of the base points in the image and converts the brightness changes observed by the human eye into the data language form that the machine can read. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm. Full article

This paper presents the design and implementation of a deep-learning-based aspect-level sentiment analysis model for the aspect term extraction and sentiment polarity classification of Chinese text comments. The model utilizes two layers of BERT models and fully connected neural networks for feature extraction and classification. It also incorporates a context feature dynamic weighting strategy to focus on aspect words and enhance the model’s performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model performs well in aspect-level sentiment analysis tasks and effectively extracts sentiment information from the text. Additionally, to facilitate user interaction, a lightweight system is built, which enables model invocation and the visualization of analysis results, offering practical value. Full article

In recent years, “computational propaganda” based on big data, social bot technology, and artificial intelligence has been widely used in a series of major events such as the US election, Brexit, and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, drawing attention from all walks of life around the world. This paper discusses and analyzes two dimensions of computational propaganda: propaganda strategies and technological methods. Based on these discussions and analyses, four tools for regulating computational propaganda are proposed. Full article

The source of characters is hieroglyph. Hieroglyph is the imitation and reference of the phenomena and objects in the natural world. The objects and phenomena in the natural world are the original image. Or rather its own figurative meta-hieroglyphics. As Baudrillard said, matter is also a symbol. Matter is actually its own language and speech. If we understand this key concept, then we can understand that the world itself is linguistic. The natural language of humans is based on modeling and translating the material language of the world. Full article

Smart health is a current research direction. This report elaborates on the following content: (1) How to choose the right diet, establish a scientific lifestyle, and reduce the risk of illness; (2) how to apply artificial intelligence and big data technology to food nutrition and health analysis to guide diet more effectively; (3) The five basic factors that affect health—emotions, diet, exercise, genetics, and the internal and external environments; (4) how to identify and avoid safety hazards in various types of food and learn to check food ingredient lists, nutritional ingredient lists, and processing methods; and (5) the main contribution of the Eastern dietary structure to human longevity. Due to factors such as race, region, climate, and products, Eastern people should live according to Eastern dietary habits, which is the crystallization of thousands of years of dietary culture and health wisdom. Full article

Discourses can be treated as instances of knowledge. The dynamic space in which the trajectories of these discourses are described can be regarded as a model of knowledge. Such a space is called a discursive space. Its scope is defined by a set of discourses. The procedure of constructing such a space is a serious problem, and so far, the only solution has been to identify the dimensions of this space through the qualitative analysis of texts on the basis of the discourses that were identified. This paper proposes a solution by using an extended variant of the embedding technique, which is the basis of neural language models (pre-trained language models and large language models) in the field of natural language processing (NLP). This technique makes it possible to create a semantic model of the language in the form of a multidimensional space. The solution proposed in this article is to repeat the embedding technique but at a higher level of abstraction, that is, the discursive level. First, the discourses would be isolated from the prepared corpus of texts, preserving their order. Then, from these discourses, identified by names, a sequence of names would be created, which would be a kind of supertext. A language model would be trained on this supertext. This model would be a multidimensional space. This space would be a discursive space constructed for one moment in time. The described steps repeated in time would allow one to construct the assumed dynamic space of discourses, i.e., discursive space. Full article

This paper explains that setting up artificial intelligence courses can clearly enhance students’ interest in high technology, boost learning confidence and promote students’ overall development in the following three aspects: the significance of artificial intelligence education to students, the confusion regarding artificial intelligence teaching in this stage, especially in rural middle schools, and some related suggestions. Full article

Current encryption technologies mostly rely on complex algorithms or difficult mathematical problems to improve security. Therefore, it is difficult for these encryption technologies to possess both high security and high efficiency, which are two properties that people desire. Trying to solve this dilemma, we built a new encryption technology, called configurable encryption technology (CET), based on the typical structure of reconfigurable quaternary logic operator (RQLO) that was invented in 2018. We designed the CET as a block cipher for symmetric encryption, where we use four 32-quit RQLO typical structures as the encryptor, decryptor, and two key derivation operators. Taking advantage of the reconfigurability of the RQLO typical structure, the CET can automatically reconfigure the keys and symbol substitution rules of the encryptor and decryptor after each encryption operation. We found that a chip containing about 70,000 transistors and 500 MB of nonvolatile memory could provide all the CET devices and generalized keys needed for any user’s lifetime, to implement a practical one-time pad encryption technology. We also developed a strategy to solve the current key distribution problem with prestored generalized key source data and on-site appointment codes. The CET is expected to provide a theoretical basis and core technology for using the RQLO to build a new cryptographic system with high security, fast encryption/decryption speed, and low manufacturing cost. Full article

Up till now, the research on game theory has concentrated on the game issues between agents, which are homogeneous and at the same level in the complex hierarchical system. There have already been many fruitful results that have been successfully used in many fields, such as economics, public management, sociology, and so on. However, in real life, the more frequently faced game problems are cross-level games, which are among agents from different levels. For example, in a supply chain, single factory and whole chain; in the public management, the single family and the whole community; in a tropical rain forest, single species and whole eco-system; in biology, an animal and the bacterial group in its body; and so on. Up till now, similar topics had not been discussed in detail. This situation seriously limited the research and applications for game theory. In this paper, the author introduces their own ideas for the difficulties and possible approaches on this issue. Some suggestions have been provided at the end. The main suggestion of this paper is to learn from the results of the complexity study, to focus on the payoff function, and to find an approach for the cross-level game model. Full article

The conception of ‘world information strategy for the future’ that is proposed in this paper assumes the ascendancy of the non-Western world in the context of an information infrastructure that has so far been Western oriented. The strategy advanced here is neither to imitate nor to criticize that infrastructure; rather, it is to repurpose it for non-Western ends. This paper divides the strategy into three parts: (1) the globalization of English (i.e., the dominance of non-native over native speakers); (2) undiscovered public knowledge (i.e., the vast number of academic publications that are underutilized); and (3) precipitatory governance (i.e., innovation for a world where current default settings of information flows are bound to change). Full article

The emergence of big data increases the complexity of society, and it also provides new objects and perspectives for social epistemology research. This paper aims to comprehensively illustrate the social changes caused by big data and deeply understand the complexity of society, and it puts forward suggestions on how to expand and deepen the research of social epistemology. Full article

The Call for Papers for the 2023 Beijing Summit says that “Paradigm Change in the Information Discipline”, has been selected as the theme of the ISSI’ 2023 Summit by the sponsor and organizer. The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyze the existence and process of the “material” and the “information” and their respective “characteristics”; to discuss why the two disciplines produce different paradigms, namely, different “scientific views” and “methodologies”; and, finally, to point out that in the process of the transformation of scientific paradigm, our worldview will inevitably complete the leap from Aristotle’s “10 material categories” to the “12 information attributes” of information science. Full article

The authors propose that the theoretical framework of Western philosophy is supported by metaphysical ontology through the differentiation and analysis of two different kinds of “particulars-universals” in Plato’s “world visible to the naked eye” and “world known to the soul” in the solar metaphor and line metaphor. In today’s society, where big data, the Internet, and artificial intelligence are prevalent, we should say goodbye to Aristotle’s “physicalism”, return to Plato’s theory of ideas, and use theoretical information science to reinterpret the theory of ideas, change from the scientific paradigm of physicalism to the scientific paradigm of “informatics”, and consciously use the world view, scientific outlook, and methodology of information science to guide our study, life, and work. Full article

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence painting technology, artificial intelligence in painting has left us confused about the relationship between art and people, and even some people have revisited the old saying of “the end of art”. It has had a certain impact on the status and value of humanity as the subject of paintings, triggering public doubts about the absolute nature of humanity as the subject of art, and bringing anxiety to social subjects. Based on this, we need to re-examine the phenomenon and value of the application of artificial intelligence in painting. This article aims to elaborate on the following three aspects. Firstly, from the perspective of painting appreciation, it is explained that human intelligence involves an incomprehensible special experience, resulting in the fusion of perspectives between creators and connoisseurs, as well as between individual connoisseurs. Secondly, from the perspective of painting tools, it is pointed out that artificial intelligence is an advanced tool and means of human intelligence in the process of painting, an external extension of the body, and has opened up new artistic spaces. Thirdly, from the perspective of painting and artistic creation, it is emphasized that human intelligence involves a private field that can be recognized as an artistic subject. This study is aimed at illustrating the irreplaceable role of human intelligence in the art of painting and the limitations of artificial intelligence. Full article

With the development of modern network technology, human beings have constructed a development model of digital society. Human social practice has been given a unique digital color. Digital society determines the existence and development of a digital socialist ideology. At the same time, digital socialist ideology also promotes the development of the Chinese path to modernization in the new era. In the complex era of digital socialization, it is of great practical significance to elaborate on the determinacy of digital socialist ideology, analyze the impact areas of safeguarding digital socialist ideological security, and explore ways to safeguard digital socialist ideological security from multiple perspectives. Full article

This paper summarizes the problems existing in cross-border higher education through the analysis of the development status and characteristics of virtual reality technology and cross-border higher education, and puts forward the important significance and enlightenment of the application of virtual reality technology in cross-border higher education in the new era for solving the practical problems of cross-border education. It also points out that the new mode and situation of online and offline joint development created by the integration of virtual reality technology and cross-border higher education will have an important impact on accelerating the opening up of Chinese education and improving the quality and efficiency of cross-border higher education. Full article

The emergence of large language models (LLMs), such as OpenAI’s GPT-4, introduces transformative opportunities for higher education across various disciplines. While the integration of LLMs into higher education has sparked significant debate regarding whether to fully incorporate these systems into curricula or restrict their use, this paper contends that there has been an inadequate focus on the process of establishing suitable guidelines for their usage. Given the importance of stakeholder buy in, especially in terms of perceiving the final decision as legitimate, this paper advocates for transparent and inclusive procedures that involve faculty, administration, and students during the integration process. Once a decision is made, clear justifications for LLM guidelines should be provided, paired with an effective implementation strategy, to ensure widespread acceptance and adherence. Full article

This article addresses the background and nature of the recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs), tracing the history of their fundamental concepts from Leibniz and his calculus ratiocinator to Turing’s computational models of learning, and ultimately to the current development of GPTs. As Kahneman’s “System 1”-type processes, GPTs lack mechanisms that would render them conscious, but they nonetheless demonstrate a certain level of intelligence and the capacity to represent and process knowledge. This is achieved by processing vast corpora of human-created knowledge, which, for its initial production, required human consciousness, but can now be collected, compressed, and processed automatically. Full article

Large language and multimodal models are revolutionising many aspects of human work and creativity, with broad potential not only as chatbots and for information retrieval but as interaction points and integrators of large technical systems. However, these technologies’ significance comes with societal challenges regarding accessibility, applicability, alignment, and inclusion. The development of open-source large language models may lead to more transparent and responsible use of such technologies. Here, we discuss the importance of open language models, their challenges, and how they were managed in a specific use case. Full article

Large language models (LLMs), in particular, diverse versions of Chat GPT, have been setting the agenda for expectations of artificial general intelligence (AGI) once again. Here, it will be argued that such expectations will not be satisfied by LLMs. The argumentation will not focus on concrete technical specifics of LLMs that hinder the materialization of AGI. It is rather the AGI itself that lacks the means for being realized. From a techno-social systems perspective, neither LLMs nor AGI can be called intelligent. Only (human) social systems, including techno-social systems, or humans or living systems or other physical systems that self-organize can show the feature of intelligence, but not man-made technological tools. The argumentation will cover praxiological, ontological and epistemological considerations. Full article

Claims that large language models lack intelligence are abundant in current AI discourse. To the extent that the claims are supported by arguments, these usually amount to claims that the models (a) lack common sense, (b) know only facts they have been trained with, (c) are merely matrix multiplications, (d) only predict the next word in a chain, (e) lack a world model, (f) have no grounding of symbols, (g) lack creativity, or (h) lack consciousness. Here, each of these arguments is applied, with minor modifications, to demonstrate that humans also lack intelligence. This should make us suspicious of the validity of these arguments. Full article

We examine the growing trend in contemporary societies of appealing to sentiments and emotions in so many areas of social life, particularly under the command of AI tools and algorithms. Two aspects are considered: on the one side, their is insufficient conceptualization around the nature of social emotions, with disconnected classical and recent views in psychology, ethology, evolutionary psychology, neuroscience, etc. In this respect, a clearer idea about the relationships between emotions and social structures will be discussed. On the other side, related to the conceptual disarray around emotions, there is the direct commercial benefit of abusing practices of surveillance and marketing systems around AI. The towering presence of AI, and the increased presence of social networks, are menacing the democratic structures of contemporary societies, both psychologically, culturally, and politically. Full article

Recent advances in large language models, our understanding of the general theory of information, and the availability of new approaches to building self-regulating domain-specific software are driving the creation of next-generation knowledge-driven digital assistants to improve the efficiency, resiliency, and scalability of various business processes while fulfilling the functional requirements addressing a specific business problem. Here, we describe the implementation of a medical-knowledge-based digital assistant that uses medical knowledge derived from various sources including the large language models and assists the early medical diagnosis process by reducing the knowledge gap between the patient and medical professionals involved in the process. Full article