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Actuators
Special Issues
Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System
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Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825). This special issue belongs to the section "Control Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 22 September 2025 | Viewed by 3463

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Chao-Chung Peng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Interests: linear/nonlinear control system analysis and design; system modeling and parameter identification; sliding mode control and its applications; adaptive control and its applications; servo mechanism integration and control technology; servo motor motion controls; path planning and trajectory interpolation; unmanned aerial vehicle control design; control system design using artificial intelligence intelligent indoor perception; localization and mapping technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of control systems engineering has evolved significantly, encompassing a wide array of techniques and methodologies to address complex dynamics in both linear and nonlinear systems. This Special Issue will gather cutting-edge research that advances the theoretical and practical aspects of control systems, fostering innovation and collaboration among researchers and practitioners. This Special Issue will cover the latest advancements in the analysis and design of both linear and nonlinear control systems, focusing on theoretical development, algorithm design, realization and practical applications. Recent artificial intelligence (AI)-related technologies used for  developed control systems are very welcome. This Special Issue will provide a platform for presenting novel approaches, comprehensive reviews, and real-world applications that demonstrate the impacts of control systems in various industries.

Dr. Chao-Chung Peng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • system modeling and parameter identification
  • linear/nonlinear control design
  • sliding mode control (SMC) systems
  • model reference adaptive control (MRAC) systems
  • proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control
  • robust observer design for disturbance/state estimation
  • sensor-fusion-based control technology
  • servo mechanism control design and applications
  • artificial intelligence (AI) for control systems
  • path planning and optimization
  • control design of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
  • advanced control applications and optimization
  • robot control, navigation, localization, and mapping

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

31 pages, 2525 KiB  
Article
An Optimized Position Control via Reinforcement-Learning-Based Hybrid Structure Strategy
by Nebiyeleul Daniel Amare, Sun Jick Yang and Young Ik Son
Actuators 2025, 14(4), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14040199 - 21 Apr 2025
Abstract
Most control system implementations rely on single structures optimized for specific performance criteria through rigorous derivation. While effective for their intended purpose, such controllers often underperform in areas outside their primary optimization focus and involve performance trade-offs. A notable example is the Internal [...] Read more.
Most control system implementations rely on single structures optimized for specific performance criteria through rigorous derivation. While effective for their intended purpose, such controllers often underperform in areas outside their primary optimization focus and involve performance trade-offs. A notable example is the Internal Model Principle (IMP) controller, renowned for its robustness and precision in reference tracking under periodic disturbances. However, IMP controllers exhibit poor transient-state performance, characterized by significant overshoot and oscillatory responses, which remains a persistent challenge. To address this limitation, this paper proposes a reinforcement learning (RL)-based hybrid control scheme that overcomes the trade-off in IMP controllers between achieving zero steady-state tracking error and a fast transient response. The proposed method integrates a cascade control structure, optimized for transient-state performance, with an IMP controller, optimized for robust reference tracking under sinusoidal disturbances, through switching logic governed by a Deep Q-Network model. Smooth transitions between control modes are ensured using an internal state update mechanism. The proposed approach is validated through simulations and experimental tests on a direct current (DC) motor position control system. The results demonstrate that the hybrid structure effectively resolves the trade-off associated with IMP controllers, yielding improved performance metrics, such as rapid convergence to the reference, reduced transient overshoot, and enhanced nominal performance recovery against disturbances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System)
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17 pages, 3368 KiB  
Article
Safe 3D Coverage Control for Multi-Agent Systems
by Wenbin Liu, Kritapas Borikarnphanichphaisal, Jie Song, Olga Vasilieva and Mikhail Svinin
Actuators 2025, 14(4), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14040186 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 204
Abstract
Multi-agent coverage control plays a crucial role in the modeling and coordination of complex systems, especially for teams of robots that, through frequent interactions with each other and their environment, can accomplish complex tasks in a distributed and parallel manner. However, most existing [...] Read more.
Multi-agent coverage control plays a crucial role in the modeling and coordination of complex systems, especially for teams of robots that, through frequent interactions with each other and their environment, can accomplish complex tasks in a distributed and parallel manner. However, most existing studies on coverage control for multi-agent systems are limited to two-dimensional environments, with few addressing the height factor critical to three-dimensional spaces. This study proposes a novel approach that adapts centroidal Voronoi tessellation (CVT) with a time-varying density function and Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) for dynamic coverage in 3D environments. By reconfiguring these methodologies, this approach enhances distribution and coordination efficiency within 3D spaces while ensuring safe, collision-free navigation. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, demonstrating its potential for the efficient deployment of multi-robot systems, such as unmanned autonomous vehicles and unmanned autonomous underwater vehicles, in diverse operational contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System)
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20 pages, 2052 KiB  
Article
Event-Triggered Bipartite Formation Control for Switched Nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems with Function Constraints on States
by Yingxue Hou and Shu Li
Actuators 2025, 14(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/act14010023 - 11 Jan 2025
Viewed by 752
Abstract
A distributed adaptive fuzzy event-triggered bipartite formation tracking control scheme is proposed for switched nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with function constraints on states. Fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used to identify uncertain items. To improve the transient performance of the system, a fixed-time [...] Read more.
A distributed adaptive fuzzy event-triggered bipartite formation tracking control scheme is proposed for switched nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with function constraints on states. Fuzzy logic systems (FLSs) are used to identify uncertain items. To improve the transient performance of the system, a fixed-time prescribed performance function (FTPPF) is introduced to make the formation error converge to a prescribed boundary range within a fixed time. Considering that the state constraint boundary is restricted by multiple pieces of information (historical state, topological relationship, neighbor agent output, leader signal and time), a tan-type barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is constructed to address the challenges brought by the state function constraint. The shortcoming of the “explosion of complexity” is compensated by fusing the backstepping control and command filter. To mitigate the communication burden while ensuring a steady-state performance, a distributed event-triggered fixed-time bipartite formation control scheme is proposed. Finally, the performance of the proposed control method is verified by an MAS consisting of four followers and one leader. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System)
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17 pages, 844 KiB  
Article
Robust Predefined Time Stability of nth-Order Systems Subject to Deterministic Matched Disturbances
by Nain de la Cruz, Ernesto Rincon, Roxana Garcia-Andrade, Arnoldo Fernandez-Ramirez, Yasser A. Davizón, José Isidro Hernández-Vega and Carlos Hernandez-Santos
Actuators 2024, 13(12), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13120489 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 791
Abstract
Speed of convergence and robustness against disturbances affecting a dynamical system are of great importance in real-life applications. To satisfy these requirements, another approach called predefined time control has been developed in the last decade, which ensures the convergence of the states of [...] Read more.
Speed of convergence and robustness against disturbances affecting a dynamical system are of great importance in real-life applications. To satisfy these requirements, another approach called predefined time control has been developed in the last decade, which ensures the convergence of the states of a class of dynamical systems to the desired reference value in a time set by the control designer at will. However, previously proposed predefined time control algorithms have drawbacks that need to be tackled. For this reason, the authors present another form of predefined time control algorithm that can be coupled with any observer (in the case where not all the states of the system can be measured) or any other robust controller to robustify the system against matched disturbances. The development shows that the necessary form of the control law can be obtained using basic integration and backstepping. The performance of the control law is demonstrated through a series of numerical simulations utilizing the mathematical model of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The results show that the proposed control algorithm is, indeed, robust against any matched disturbance, and the convergence of the system states is ensured independently of any initial condition in the time set by the control designer at will. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System)
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17 pages, 6642 KiB  
Article
Integrated AGC Approach for Balancing the Thickness Dynamic Response and Shape Condition of a Hot Strip Rolling Control System
by Yu-Chan Huang, Tung-Chin Wu, Wei-Yi Chien, Min-Che Tsai and Chao-Chung Peng
Actuators 2024, 13(10), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/act13100415 - 15 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 804
Abstract
Thickness and shape are two significant indices in the tandem hot strip rolling process. Excessive thickness correction can cause rolling force imbalance, leading to deteriorated shape conditions. Aiming at this problem, we propose a new monitor automatic gauge control (M-AGC) with consideration of [...] Read more.
Thickness and shape are two significant indices in the tandem hot strip rolling process. Excessive thickness correction can cause rolling force imbalance, leading to deteriorated shape conditions. Aiming at this problem, we propose a new monitor automatic gauge control (M-AGC) with consideration of the rolling force distribution to not only keep the shape condition but also improve the robustness of the rolling process. First, the M-AGC with the Smith predictor control structure was studied. Second, based on the rolling force and thickness correction redistribution algorithm, shape balance automatic gauge control (SB-AGC), the phenomenon of rolling force imbalance was improved. Third, the transient response was improved by adding a command prefilter to the upstream stands, which is asynchronous shape balance automatic gauge control (ASB-AGC). The proposed algorithms can be applied to all steel grades and are easy to implement. Finally, cross-validation was conducted through numerical simulations and application results, confirming the alignment between the theoretical derivation and practical implementation. The simulation results show improvements in both the rolling force balance and the thickness response. The practical application results also confirm that better flatness conditions and thickness response can be achieved, significantly reducing the amount of head-end cutoff losses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Design of Linear/Nonlinear Control System)
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