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Animals
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Viral Infections in Poultry
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Viral Infections in Poultry

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Poultry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 4622

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xiaorong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
Interests: infectious bronchitis virus; avian influenza virus; vaccine development; antiviral compound; virus-host interaction; pathogenesis, epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chunchun Meng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: Newcastle disease virus; waterfowl associated virus; vaccine development; antiviral compound; virus-host interaction; pathogenesis; epidemiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

New-emerging and re-emerging poultry viruses continue to threaten the health of chickens and result in great economic losses to the world’s poultry industry. In addition, there are poultry viruses causing public health troubles to humans, such as high pathogenic avian influenza virus. The purpose of this Special Issue “Viral Infections in Poultry” is to collect publications on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, detection methods, vaccine development, virus-host interaction, and antiviral compound of poultry viruses. Though many impressive achievements have been made in recent years, there are still many unknowns. Here, we welcome submissions of studies on poultry viruses. 

The aim of this special issue is to provide a platform for researchers to communicate and learn from each other. Researchers are invited to submit both original research articles and reviews.

Prof. Dr. Xiaorong Zhang
Dr. Chunchun Meng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • poultry virus
  • epidemiology
  • pathogenesis
  • detection method
  • vaccine development
  • virus-host interaction
  • antiviral compound

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 6933 KiB  
Article
The Chicken cGAS–STING Pathway Exerts Interferon-Independent Antiviral Function via Cell Apoptosis
by Sen Jiang, Mengjia Lv, Desheng Zhang, Qi Cao, Nengwen Xia, Jia Luo, Wanglong Zheng, Nanhua Chen, François Meurens and Jianzhong Zhu
Animals 2023, 13(16), 2573; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13162573 - 9 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1497
Abstract
It has been recently recognized that the DNA sensing innate immune cGAS-STING pathway exerts an IFN-independent antiviral function; however, whether and how chicken STING (chSTING) exerts such an IFN-independent antiviral activity is still unknown. Here, we showed that chSTING exerts an antiviral activity [...] Read more.
It has been recently recognized that the DNA sensing innate immune cGAS-STING pathway exerts an IFN-independent antiviral function; however, whether and how chicken STING (chSTING) exerts such an IFN-independent antiviral activity is still unknown. Here, we showed that chSTING exerts an antiviral activity in HEK293 cells and chicken cells, independent of IFN production. chSTING was able to trigger cell apoptosis and autophagy independently of IFN, and the apoptosis inhibitors, rather than autophagy inhibitors, could antagonize the antiviral function of chSTING, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in IFN-independent antiviral function. In addition, chSTING lost its antiviral function in IRF7-knockout chicken macrophages, indicating that IRF7 is not only essential for the production of IFN, but also participates in the other activities of chSTING, such as the apoptosis. Collectively, our results showed that chSTING exerts an antiviral function independent of IFN, likely via apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Poultry)
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12 pages, 9653 KiB  
Article
Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus in Chickens
by Jie Ni, Jing Deng, Qing Chen, Tianxing Liao, Jiao Hu, Yu Chen, Shunlin Hu, Zenglei Hu and Xiufan Liu
Animals 2023, 13(13), 2239; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132239 - 7 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1128
Abstract
Long-term evolution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) results in substantial alteration in viral pathogenesis. NDVs of genotype VII, a late genotype, show marked tropism to lymphoid tissues, especially to macrophages in chickens. However, the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of genotype VII [...] Read more.
Long-term evolution of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) results in substantial alteration in viral pathogenesis. NDVs of genotype VII, a late genotype, show marked tropism to lymphoid tissues, especially to macrophages in chickens. However, the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV is still unclear. Herein, NDV infectivity in macrophages and the role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of genotype VII NDV in chickens were investigated. We reported that NDV strains of genotype VII (JS5/05) and IV (Herts/33) can replicate in the adherent (predominantly macrophages) and non-adherent cells (predominantly lymphocytes) derived from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and significantly higher virus gene copy was detected in the adherent cells. In addition, JS5/05 had significantly higher infectivity in PBMC-derived adherent cells than Herts/33, correlating with its enhanced tropism to macrophages in the spleen of chickens. Interestingly, the depletion of 68% of macrophages exerted no significant impact on clinical signs, mortality and the systematic replication of JS5/05 in chickens, which may be associated with the contribution of non-depleted macrophages and other virus-supportive cells to virus replication. Macrophage depletion resulted in a marked exacerbation of tissue damage and apoptosis in the spleen caused by JS5/05. These findings indicated that macrophages play a critical role in alleviating tissue damage caused by genotype VII NDV in chickens. Our results unveiled new roles of macrophages in NDV pathogenesis in chickens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Poultry)
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13 pages, 5467 KiB  
Article
Marked Genotype Diversity among Reoviruses Isolated from Chicken in Selected East-Central European Countries
by Bence Gál, Renáta Varga-Kugler, Katalin Ihász, Eszter Kaszab, Marianna Domán, Szilvia Farkas and Krisztián Bányai
Animals 2023, 13(13), 2137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13132137 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1162
Abstract
The concern that the vaccines currently used against Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) infections are less efficient in the field justifies the need for the close monitoring of circulating ARV strains. In this study, we collected necropsy samples from various chicken breeds and tested for [...] Read more.
The concern that the vaccines currently used against Avian orthoreovirus (ARV) infections are less efficient in the field justifies the need for the close monitoring of circulating ARV strains. In this study, we collected necropsy samples from various chicken breeds and tested for ARV by virus isolation, RT-PCR assay and sequence analysis. ARVs were isolated from birds showing runting-stunting syndrome, uneven growth, lameness or increased mortality, with relative detection rates of 38%, 35%, 6% and 25%, respectively. Partial σC gene sequences were determined for nearly 90% of ARV isolates. The isolates could be classified into one of the major genetic clusters. Interestingly, cluster 2 and cluster 5 were isolated from vaccinated broiler breeders, while clusters 1 to 4 were isolated from unvaccinated broilers. The isolates shared less than 75% amino acid identities with the vaccine strains (range, 44.3–74.6%). This study reaffirms the global distribution of the major genetic clusters of ARVs in chicken. The diversity of ARV strains isolated from unvaccinated broilers was greater than those detected from vaccinated animals, however, the relative importance of passive and active immunity on the selection of novel strains in different chicken breeds needs to be better understood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Viral Infections in Poultry)
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