Dirofilariosis and Angiostrongylosis in Animals and Humans: A Global Challenge

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2620

Special Issue Editors


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Zoonotic Disease and One Heatlh Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Miguel Unamuno, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
Interests: human-animals interactions; parasitology; zoonotic parasite; one health; vector-borne disease; host-parasite relationship
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Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: feline and canine parasitology; cardiopulmonary nematodes; zoonotic parasites; wildlife parasitology
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Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
Interests: small animals; zoonosis; host–parasite relationship; cardiorespiratory medicine; vector-borne disease; one health
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Department of Veterinary Science, Parasitology Unit, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
Interests: veterinary medicine; zoonosis; parasitology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the impact of dirofilariosis and angiostrongylosis on canine and feline populations has increased markedly. This is due, among other factors, to an increase in epidemiological studies in various parts of the world, both prospective and current. It has been shown that in places or countries where these diseases are studied, numerous cases appear. Also important are studies related to parasite–host interactions, pathology, improvements in treatment and the latest advances in diagnosis. Dirofilariosis is a much better-known disease than angiostrongylosis and is also considered a zoonosis, which, from a public health point of view, has a greater impact.

This Special Issue on dirofilariasis and angiostrongylosis aims to bring together the most recent studies on the epidemiology and incidence of both diseases in domestic and wild animals and humans, where appropriate, caused by the different parasites (Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Angiostrongylus vasoum, A. cantonensis, A. costaricensis...) in different parts of the world. Additionally, it will focus on improvements in diagnosis; treatment and control; proteomic, immunomic and molecular studies as well as studies focusing on the parasite–host relationship and the One Health dimension.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Pathogens.

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Morchón
Prof. Dr. Anastasia Diakou
Dr. Elena Carretón
Dr. Marco Genchi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • dirofilaria
  • angiostrongylus
  • zoonosis
  • one health

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Article
Usefulness of Tissue Doppler Imaging for the Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension in Canine Heartworm Disease
by Jorge Isidoro Matos, Sara Nieves García-Rodríguez, Noelia Costa-Rodríguez, Alicia Caro-Vadillo, Elena Carretón and José Alberto Montoya-Alonso
Animals 2023, 13(23), 3647; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13233647 - 25 Nov 2023
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Abstract
Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a nematode that produces proliferative pulmonary endarteritis in dogs due to direct contact of the adult parasites with the intima layer of the pulmonary arteries, leading to irreversible severe structural damage and sustained pulmonary hypertension (PH), which can produce [...] Read more.
Background: Dirofilaria immitis is a nematode that produces proliferative pulmonary endarteritis in dogs due to direct contact of the adult parasites with the intima layer of the pulmonary arteries, leading to irreversible severe structural damage and sustained pulmonary hypertension (PH), which can produce severe cardiorespiratory disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of the echocardiography tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) in determining the presence of PH in dogs with heartworm disease. Methods: There were 116 heartworm-infected dogs with PH and 33 healthy dogs included in the study. Based on the right pulmonary artery distensibility index (RPADi) < 29.5%, PH was present in 47.4% of infected dogs. Additionally, the animals were evaluated using other standard alternative echocardiographic measures to estimate PH. Moreover, a total of eight echocardiographic measurements were analysed using the TDI to determine its usefulness in diagnosing PH (E′, A′, S, E′:A′, global TDI, HRI-IVCT, HRI-IVRT, R-TEI). Results: The TDI measurements showed significant differences between dogs with and without PH, demonstrating a positive correlation with respect to the RPADi. In addition, cut-off values for the detection of PH with excellent sensitivity and specificity were found for E′:A′, global TDI, HRI-IVCT, HRI-IVRT and R-TEI. Conclusions: The TDI mode may be useful as an adjunct diagnostic method for the determination of PH in dogs with Dirofilaria immitis. Full article
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Review
The Distribution, Diversity, and Control of Dirofilariosis in Brazil: A Comprehensive Review
by Marianna Laura Elis Chocobar, Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos Schmidt, William Weir and Rossella Panarese
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2462; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172462 - 24 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Brazil’s extensive coastline, tropical and subtropical climate, and well-preserved environment represent a conducive setting for dirofilariosis, a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease. Although this condition has long been recognised in the country, it has been relatively under-studied, and it is currently considered to be an [...] Read more.
Brazil’s extensive coastline, tropical and subtropical climate, and well-preserved environment represent a conducive setting for dirofilariosis, a zoonotic mosquito-borne disease. Although this condition has long been recognised in the country, it has been relatively under-studied, and it is currently considered to be an emerging disease. Diagnosis, treatment, and control remain challenging due to the extensive gaps in knowledge. In order to help address this issue, this review aims to (i) summarise the available literature on the distribution of Dirofilaria spp. in Brazilian dogs over the last decade, (ii) review case reports of dirofilariosis in cats, wild animals, and humans over the last twenty years, and (iii) highlight the benefits of taking a One Health approach to managing this disease. While there have been several prevalence studies in dogs, disease distribution is poorly characterised in cats, and little is known about the occurrence of the parasite in wildlife. Human cases are sporadically reported, and no large-scale studies have been undertaken to date. Evidence indicates that Dirofilaria immitis is the main species circulating in Brazil, although Dirofilaria repens has also been detected. Molecular studies have also suggested the circulation of a highly virulent form of D. immitis, which may be genetically distinct from those of the Old World. A programme of epidemiological, ecological, genomic, and pathogenicity-based studies is required to quantify the impact of dirofilariosis in Brazil on both veterinary and public health and to inform others on its control. Full article
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