Wild Animals’ Infectious Disease: The Wild–Domestic-Human Interface - 2nd Edition

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 1191

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Wildlife plays an important role in the “One World—One Health” era. Wild animals could be a reservoir of pathogens with the potential to infect humans and domestic animals. Migratory animals and those exported/imported for human activity could carry infectious agents in new areas. Furthermore, wild animals could carry antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The diffusion of extensive breeding promotes contact between wild and domestic animals and the spread of pathogens in both senses. Ecosystem and habitat modifications have pushed wildlife towards urban/peri-urban areas, increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contact with humans.

The aim of this Special Issue is to investigate the role of wildlife in the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Primarily, works that report evidence of wild animals as a source of infection for humans or domestic animals are sought for this issue. Investigations into the presence and diffusion of infectious disease in wildlife are of high interest. Further, reports of disease affecting wild animals and surveillance studies focused on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria diffusion in wildlife are also accepted.

Dr. Fabrizio Bertelloni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • infectious diseases
  • zoonosis
  • wild animals
  • domestic animals
  • humans
  • epidemiology
  • antimicrobial resistance

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22 pages, 2439 KiB  
Case Report
Ecology and Management of a Large Outbreak of Avian Botulism in Wild Waterbirds in Northeastern Italy (2019–2022)
by Stefano Volponi, Maria Alessandra De Marco, Roberta Benigno, Enea Savorelli, Matteo Frasnelli, Laura Fiorentini, Giovanni Tosi, Lia Bardasi, Elena Toschi, Roberta Taddei and Roberto Cocchi
Animals 2024, 14(16), 2291; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162291 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 775
Abstract
Avian botulism is a paralytic disease due to the ingestion of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) produced by anaerobic, sporigenic bacteria (notably, Clostridium botulinum). Wild waterbirds worldwide are affected with variable recurrence and severity, and organic material decaying in wetland habitats may constitute a [...] Read more.
Avian botulism is a paralytic disease due to the ingestion of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) produced by anaerobic, sporigenic bacteria (notably, Clostridium botulinum). Wild waterbirds worldwide are affected with variable recurrence and severity, and organic material decaying in wetland habitats may constitute a suitable substrate for the replication of clostridia strains producing BoNT in conditions of high temperatures and the absence of oxygen. Here, we describe a large outbreak of avian botulism that occurred in the Valle Mandriole protected area of northeastern Italy (VM). After the recovery in late summer of a few duck carcasses that molecularly tested positive for BoNT-producing clostridia, in October 2019, the avian botulism escalation led to a total of 2367 birds being recovered (2158 carcasses and 209 sick birds). Among these, 2365/2367 were waterbirds, with ducks accounting for 91.8% of the total (2173/2367) and green-winged teals representing 93.5% of the ducks. After the quick collection of dead and sick birds (from 4 to 11 October 2019) and the flooding of the VM wetland (from 5 to 12 October 2019), the 2019 botulism emergency apparently ended. Following two water inputs in May and July 2020, only one pooled sample obtained from 16 bird carcasses found that year in VM tested positive for clostridia type C by real-time PCR, whereas, after to the implementation of measures deterring the bird’s presence, new avian botulism cases—due to clostridia type C and C/D, according to molecular and animal-model tests of confirmation—led to the collection of 176 waterbirds (82 carcasses and 94 sick ducks) and 16 waterbirds (9 carcasses and 7 sick ducks) in the summers 2021 and 2022, respectively. In conclusion, the prevention, management, and control of the disease rely on habitat management, the quick and careful collection/removal of animal carcasses, and the regular monitoring and surveillance of live and dead birds. Full article
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