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Animals
Special Issues
Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and New Strategies
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Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and New Strategies

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 12775

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anna Rita Attili

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; zoonotic infections; biofilms; natural substances as strategy towards microbial resistance; epidemiology; systematic review and meta-analysis
Dr. Alessandro Bellato

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
Interests: epidemiology; antimicrobial resistance; zoonotic infections
Dr. Patrizia Nebbia

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
Interests: clinical bacteria; antibiotic-resistance; veterinary bacterial diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Patrizia Robino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
Interests: bacterial infections; antimicrobial resistance; antimicrobial activity of natural products; viral diseases of parrots; megabacteriosis in birds

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the crucial health challenges the world currently faces. Resistant pathogens, including viruses, parasites, fungi, and especially bacteria cause significant morbidity and mortality in human and animal medicine. The progression of AMR has daunting ramifications. Therefore, a globally integrated strategy that includes antibiotics, vaccines, diagnostics, antibodies, natural products, and new tools that target the host and/or the microbiome, or that can be delivered by phages, is required to fight AMR. For effective control and contrast, global surveillance is necessary in a One Health approach. Epidemiological studies and research in retrospective observational trends are a necessary focus to monitor the microbial resistance evolution. Genotypic and phenotypic microbial characterization studies of in vitro and in vivo resistance mechanisms and their transmission are important epidemiological data to describe, monitor, prevent and control the AMR.

The following types of research would be applicable for this Special Issue:

  • animal research and diagnostic methodologies on antimicrobial resistance detection among microorganisms: genotypic and phenotypic characterization, development or prevention
  • antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and biofilms
  • epidemiological studies on antimicrobial resistance: case reports; cross sectional studies; retrospective analyses; clinical trials investigating antimicrobial resistance profiles of pathogens involved in animal and human infections
  • systematic reviews and meta-analysis summarizing antibiotic resistance data
  • research data describing new tools, novel or natural substances as strategies against antimicrobial resistance

We invite you to share your recent findings through this Special Issue.

Dr. Anna Rita Attili
Dr. Alessandro Bellato
Prof. Patrizia Nebbia
Dr. Patrizia Robino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antimicrobial resistance
  • microbial biofilms
  • natural products’ activity
  • new therapeutic strategies, epidemiological studies
  • resistance trends
  • systematic review and meta-analysis
  • One Health

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 5272 KiB  
Article
Lactobacillus reuteri and Enterococcus faecium from Poultry Gut Reduce Mucin Adhesion and Biofilm Formation of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica
by Abubakar Siddique, Sara Azim, Amjad Ali, Fazal Adnan, Maryum Arif, Muhammad Imran, Erika Ganda and Abdur Rahman
Animals 2021, 11(12), 3435; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123435 - 1 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3957
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause infection in poultry, livestock, and humans. Although the use of antimicrobials as feed additives is prohibited, the previous indiscriminate use and poor regulatory oversight in some parts of the world have resulted in increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, [...] Read more.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) can cause infection in poultry, livestock, and humans. Although the use of antimicrobials as feed additives is prohibited, the previous indiscriminate use and poor regulatory oversight in some parts of the world have resulted in increased bacterial resistance to antimicrobials, including cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, which are among the limited treatment options available against NTS. This study aimed to isolate potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains from the poultry gut to inhibit fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin resistant MDR Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. The safety profile of the LAB isolates was evaluated for the hemolytic activity, DNase activity, and antibiotic resistance. Based on the safety results, three possible probiotic LAB candidates for in vitro Salmonella control were chosen. Candidate LAB isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Lactobacillus reuteri PFS4, Enterococcus faecium PFS13, and Enterococcus faecium PFS14. These strains demonstrated a good tolerance to gastrointestinal-related stresses, including gastric acid, bile, lysozyme, and phenol. In addition, the isolates that were able to auto aggregate had the ability to co-aggregate with MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Furthermore, LAB strains competitively reduced the adhesion of pathogens to porcine mucin Type III in co-culture studies. The probiotic combination of the selected LAB isolates inhibited the biofilm formation of S. Typhimurium FML15 and S. Enteritidis FML18 by 90% and 92%, respectively. In addition, the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of the LAB culture significantly reduced the growth of Salmonella in vitro. Thus, L. reuteri PFS4, E. faecium PFS13, and E. faecium PFS 14 are potential probiotics that could be used to control MDR S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis in poultry. Future investigations are required to elucidate the in vivo potential of these probiotic candidates as Salmonella control agents in poultry and animal feed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and New Strategies)
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13 pages, 2180 KiB  
Article
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactam Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in Wild European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus) Living in Populated Areas
by Biel Garcias, Laia Aguirre, Chiara Seminati, Nerea Reyes, Alberto Allepuz, Elena Obón, Rafael A. Molina-Lopez and Laila Darwich
Animals 2021, 11(10), 2837; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102837 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2146
Abstract
Wildlife has been suggested to be a good sentinel of environmental health because of its close interaction with human populations, domestic animals, and natural ecosystems. The alarming emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and veterinary medicine has activated/triggered the awareness of monitoring [...] Read more.
Wildlife has been suggested to be a good sentinel of environmental health because of its close interaction with human populations, domestic animals, and natural ecosystems. The alarming emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and veterinary medicine has activated/triggered the awareness of monitoring the levels of AMR pollution in wildlife. European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are common wild species habiting urban areas in Europe. However, there are few studies conducted in hedgehogs as reservoirs of AMR bacteria or genes. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and distribution of ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria and AMR genes in wild European hedgehogs in Catalonia, a densely populated region of NE Spain. A total of 115 hedgehogs admitted at the Wildlife Rehabilitation Center of Torreferrussa were studied. To our knowledge, this is the first description of β-lactam resistant enterobacteria in wild hedgehogs. Interestingly, 36.8% (42/114) of the animals were detected as carriers of β-lactamase/carbapenemase resistance genes. Klebsiella spp. (59.6%), and specifically K. pneumoniae (84.6%), were the bacteria with the highest proportion of resistance genes, followed by E. coli (34.6%) and C. freundii (5.8%). The most frequently detected genetic variants were blaCTX-M-15 (19.3%), blaSHV-28 (10.5%), blaCMY-1 (9.7%), blaCMY-2 (8.8%), and blaOXA-48 (1.7%). In addition, 52% (27/52) of the isolates presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype and 31% had an extended drug resistance (XDR) profile. No clustering of animals with AMR genes within the study region was shown in the spatial analysis, nor differences in the proportion of positive animals among regions, were detected. The results of this study suggest that wild European hedgehogs could be good sentinels of AMR environmental pollution, especially in areas with a high human population density, because they either inhabit and/or feed in an anthropogenic environment. In conclusion, it is crucial to raise awareness of the strong interconnection between habitats and compartments, and therefore this implies that AMR issues must be tackled under the One Health approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and New Strategies)
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9 pages, 1376 KiB  
Article
Detection of Beta-Lactam-Resistant Escherichia coli and Toxigenic Clostridioides difficile Strains in Wild Boars Foraging in an Anthropization Gradient
by Laila Darwich, Chiara Seminati, Jorge R. López-Olvera, Anna Vidal, Laia Aguirre, Marina Cerdá, Biel Garcias, Marta Valldeperes, Raquel Castillo-Contreras, Lourdes Migura-Garcia, Carles Conejero and Gregorio Mentaberre
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1585; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061585 - 28 May 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2516
Abstract
Disease transmission among wild boars, domestic animals and humans is a public health concern, especially in areas with high wild boar densities. In this study, fecal samples of wild boars (n = 200) from different locations of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona [...] Read more.
Disease transmission among wild boars, domestic animals and humans is a public health concern, especially in areas with high wild boar densities. In this study, fecal samples of wild boars (n = 200) from different locations of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona were analyzed by PCR to explore the frequency of β-lactamases and extended cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance genes (ESBLs) in Escherichia coli strains and the presence of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile. The prevalence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactam antimicrobials was 8.0% (16/200): blaCMY-2 (3.0%), blaTEM-1b (2.5%), blaCTX-M-14 (1.0%), blaSHV-28 (1.0%), blaCTX-M-15 (0.5%) and blaCMY-1 (0.5%). Clostridioides difficile TcdA+ was detected in two wild boars (1.0%), which is the first report of this pathogen in wild boars in Spain. Moreover, the wild boars foraging in urban and peri-urban locations were more exposed to AMRB sources than the wild boars dwelling in natural environments. In conclusion, the detection of E. coli carrying ESBL/AmpC genes and toxigenic C. difficile in wild boars foraging in urban areas reinforces the value of this game species as a sentinel of environmental AMRB sources. In addition, these wild boars can be a public and environmental health concern by disseminating AMRB and other zoonotic agents. Although this study provides the first hints of the potential anthropogenic sources of AMR, further efforts should be conducted to identify and control them. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and New Strategies)
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17 pages, 2190 KiB  
Article
Data on before and after the Traceability System of Veterinary Antimicrobial Prescriptions in Small Animals at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Naples
by Claudia Chirollo, Francesca Paola Nocera, Diego Piantedosi, Gerardo Fatone, Giovanni Della Valle, Luisa De Martino and Laura Cortese
Animals 2021, 11(3), 913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11030913 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2595
Abstract
Over recent decades, antimicrobial resistance has been considered one of the most relevant issues of public health. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences related to the prescription of antimicrobials at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, before and after the [...] Read more.
Over recent decades, antimicrobial resistance has been considered one of the most relevant issues of public health. The aim of our study was to evaluate the differences related to the prescription of antimicrobials at the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, before and after the mandatory use of veterinary electronic prescription (VEP). In particular, the consumption of antimicrobials was examined, especially taking into consideration the recommendations of prudent use. A comparison of data collected before and after the use of electronic prescription highlighted that during the period chosen for the study, the choice of antimicrobial molecules was appropriate, favoring those of “first” and “second line.” However, prescription and the use of some molecules not registered for veterinary medicine were observed in the period before VEP. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials, including penicillins with β-lactamase inhibitors, as well as first-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, were the most frequently prescribed compounds. There are few studies conducted in Italy aimed at investigating the use of antimicrobials in companion animals under field conditions and with particular regard to prudent use recommendations. This type of study underlines the importance of electronic medical recording in veterinary practice and, above all, its usefulness in monitoring the use of certain antimicrobial agents classified as of critical importance in human medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Resistance: Surveillance and New Strategies)
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