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Antibiotics
Special Issues
Clinical Infectious Diseases and Medical Education in Antimicrobial Use
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Clinical Infectious Diseases and Medical Education in Antimicrobial Use

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotics Use and Antimicrobial Stewardship".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 11520

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nitipong Permpalung

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
Interests: respiratory viral infections; invasive fungal infections; fungal diagnostics; fungal–viral interactions; human pythiosis
Dr. Saman Nematollahi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
Interests: medical education; fungal infection; curriculum development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are living in a world threatened by infectious diseases: these include emerging pathogens (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, Zika virus, Ebola virus); epidemics of tuberculosis, malaria, and human immunodeficiency virus; neglected infections of parasites, rabies, and dengue; and the evolution of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Antimicrobial agents are still our main weapon to combat these conditions; however, effective infectious disease education is also required to inform our learners on appropriate antimicrobial use and antibiotic stewardship.

This Special Issue of Antibiotics is intended to be the sum of original articles, brief reports, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, reviews, perspectives, opinions, and interesting cases that provide a view of the current state of treatment of infectious diseases and medical education in antimicrobial use. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Different antimicrobial agents and their treatment of infectious diseases;
  • Diagnostic tests and antimicrobial use;
  • Antimicrobial stewardship in the era of multidrug-resistant organisms;
  • Impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial use;
  • Impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial training;
  • Antimicrobial training in undergraduate or graduate medical education;
  • Curriculum development and assessment in antimicrobial education;
  • Patient education and satisfaction with antimicrobial use.

Dr. Nitipong Permpalung
Dr. Saman Nematollahi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clinical infectious diseases
  • medical education
  • antibacterial agents
  • antiviral agents
  • antifungal agents
  • antiparasitic agents
  • novel antimicrobial agents
  • antibiotic stewardship

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1447 KiB  
Article
The In Vitro Efficacy of Activated Charcoal in Fecal Ceftriaxone Adsorption among Patients Who Received Intravenous Ceftriaxone
by Pattama Torvorapanit, Kornthara Kawang, Pajaree Chariyavilaskul, Stephen J Kerr, Tanittha Chatsuwan and Voraphoj Nilaratanakul
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 127; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010127 - 9 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1971
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics can kill both pathogens and gut microbiota. Reducing exposure to excess intestinal antibiotics could theoretically protect gut microbiota homeostasis. Recently, engineered charcoals, gel microparticles, and resin beads have demonstrated efficacy in intestinal antibiotic adsorption in animal studies. We report the first [...] Read more.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics can kill both pathogens and gut microbiota. Reducing exposure to excess intestinal antibiotics could theoretically protect gut microbiota homeostasis. Recently, engineered charcoals, gel microparticles, and resin beads have demonstrated efficacy in intestinal antibiotic adsorption in animal studies. We report the first in vitro study evaluating human fecal antibiotic adsorption efficacy of conventional activated charcoal (AC). We collected fecal samples from eight patients who received intravenous (IV) ceftriaxone after admission to King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand, during January–March 2020. Fecal ceftriaxone was measured by indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunoassays. Three different doses of AC were mixed with fecal samples under a specified protocol. The geometric mean reduction in fecal ceftriaxone concentration when mixed with AC 30 mg/g feces was 0.53 (95% CI 0.33–0.85, p-value < 0.001), meaning 47% adsorption efficacy. Increased adsorption was found with higher doses, 71% and 87% for AC 150 and 500 mg/g feces, respectively. In conclusion, the usual food-poisoning-care dose of conventional AC, 30 mg/g feces, demonstrated dose-dependent and significant fecal ceftriaxone adsorption. Conventional oral AC might be a pragmatic and inexpensive option for the protection of gut microbiota in patients receiving IV ceftriaxone. However, in vivo studies and microbiome analysis are needed for further evidence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Infectious Diseases and Medical Education in Antimicrobial Use)
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Review

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13 pages, 858 KiB  
Review
Diagnosis and Antifungal Prophylaxis for COVID-19 Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis
by Armani M. Hawes and Nitipong Permpalung
Antibiotics 2022, 11(12), 1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11121704 - 26 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2264
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has redemonstrated the importance of the fungal-after-viral phenomenon, and the question of whether prophylaxis should be used to prevent COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). A distinct pathophysiology from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), CAPA has an incidence that ranges from 5% to [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has redemonstrated the importance of the fungal-after-viral phenomenon, and the question of whether prophylaxis should be used to prevent COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). A distinct pathophysiology from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), CAPA has an incidence that ranges from 5% to 30%, with significant mortality. The aim of this work was to describe the current diagnostic landscape of CAPA and review the existing literature on antifungal prophylaxis. A variety of definitions for CAPA have been described in the literature and the performance of the diagnostic tests for CAPA is limited, making diagnosis a challenge. There are only six studies that have investigated antifungal prophylaxis for CAPA. The two studied drugs have been posaconazole, either a liquid formulation via an oral gastric tube or an intravenous formulation, and inhaled amphotericin. While some studies have revealed promising results, they are limited by small sample sizes and bias inherent to retrospective studies. Additionally, as the COVID-19 pandemic changes and we see fewer intubated and critically ill patients, it will be more important to recognize these fungal-after-viral complications among non-critically ill, immunocompromised patients. Randomized controlled trials are needed to better understand the role of antifungal prophylaxis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Infectious Diseases and Medical Education in Antimicrobial Use)
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12 pages, 273 KiB  
Review
Fighting Back against Antimicrobial Resistance with Comprehensive Policy and Education: A Narrative Review
by Justin F. Hayes
Antibiotics 2022, 11(5), 644; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11050644 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2680
Abstract
Globally, antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat. A comprehensive plan is required to combat antimicrobial resistance. There have been national and international efforts to address this global health problem, but much work remains. Enhanced funding and regulations to support antimicrobial stewardship [...] Read more.
Globally, antimicrobial resistance has emerged as a significant threat. A comprehensive plan is required to combat antimicrobial resistance. There have been national and international efforts to address this global health problem, but much work remains. Enhanced funding and regulations to support antimicrobial stewardship policy and program development, reforms to incentivize drug development to treat resistant pathogens, and efforts to strengthen One Health programs are areas for collaboration and innovation. Finally, implementation of educational interventions for trainees encompassing these key areas along with training on policy and leadership development is critical to enable sustainability of these efforts to fight back against antimicrobial resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Infectious Diseases and Medical Education in Antimicrobial Use)
16 pages, 1558 KiB  
Review
A Review: Antimicrobial Therapy for Human Pythiosis
by Sadeep Medhasi, Ariya Chindamporn and Navaporn Worasilchai
Antibiotics 2022, 11(4), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11040450 - 26 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3368
Abstract
Human pythiosis is associated with poor prognosis with significant mortality caused by Pythium insidiosum. Antimicrobials’ in vitro and in vivo results against P. insidiosum are inconsistent. Although antimicrobials are clinically useful, they are not likely to achieve therapeutic success alone without [...] Read more.
Human pythiosis is associated with poor prognosis with significant mortality caused by Pythium insidiosum. Antimicrobials’ in vitro and in vivo results against P. insidiosum are inconsistent. Although antimicrobials are clinically useful, they are not likely to achieve therapeutic success alone without surgery and immunotherapy. New therapeutic options are therefore needed. This non-exhaustive review discusses the rationale antimicrobial therapy, minimum inhibitory concentrations, and efficacy of antibacterial and antifungal agents against P. insidiosum. This review further provides insight into the immunomodulating effects of antimicrobials that can enhance the immune response to infections. Current data support using antimicrobial combination therapy for the pharmacotherapeutic management of human pythiosis. Also, the success or failure of antimicrobial treatment in human pythiosis might depend on the immunomodulatory effects of drugs. The repurposing of existing drugs is a safe strategy for anti-P. insidiosum drug discovery. To improve patient outcomes in pythiosis, we suggest further research and a deeper understanding of P. insidiosum virulence factors, host immune response, and host immune system modification by antimicrobials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Infectious Diseases and Medical Education in Antimicrobial Use)
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