Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases: Targeting Oxidative Stress Pathways

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke, peripheral arterial disease and arterial hypertension are serious epidemiological problems with a high level of prevalence within the population.

Oxidative stress is one of the primary pathomechanisms leading to abnormalities in the function of various body systems and the development of many diseases, including the following: cancer, neurological and psychiatric diseases, cardiovascular system diseases and dermatological diseases. There is a delicate balance between the intensity of oxidative stress, i.e., the genesis and action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the antioxidant potential, i.e., the ability to detoxify reactive intermediate products or eliminate the biological effects of ROS. This balance therefore concerns, on the one hand, the formation of ROS, primarily superoxide anion (O₂^•−), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), hydroxyl radical (OH^•), alkoxy radical (RO^•) and peroxyalkoxy radical (ROO^•), and the products of the interaction between ROS and macromolecules (proteins, lipids and DNA); on the other hand, it concerns the existence of antioxidant defense mechanisms, primarily the adequate level of antioxidant resources. A classic marker of the level of oxidative DNA damage is the concentration of DNA-8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdg), a marker of lipid peroxidation—the concentration of malonyldialdehyde (MDA), and a marker of protein glycoxidation—advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This group of antioxidants typically includes enzymes that catalyze ROS elimination reactions, i.e., superoxide dismutases (SOD: zinc–cuprate, manganese and superoxide), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GSH-Px: cytosolic, gastrointestinal, plasma, nuclear and GSH -Px lipid hydroperoxides), glutathione reductase (GR) and ceruloplasmin (CP), and non-enzymatic antioxidants, i.e., β-carotene (and other carotenoids: α-carotene, lycopene, lutein and zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin), a-tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and selenium.

We invite you to publish original and review articles that present advances in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the factors affecting the oxidation–reduction balance of the body.

Dr. Paweł Gać
Guest Editor

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• coronary artery disease
• heart failure
• stroke
• peripheral arterial disease
• arterial hypertension
• reactive oxygen species
• antioxidants