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Antioxidants
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Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Oxidative Stress Footprints as the...
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Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Oxidative Stress Footprints as the Common Feature

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2023) | Viewed by 7195

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Cristina Carvalho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: type 2 diabetes; mitochondrial dysfunction; neurodegenerative diseases; oxidative stress; cell (DYS)metabolism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, we have witnessed important advances in daily life conditions, improving the lives of millions of people worldwide. However, there is always a “but” in the equation, and in this case, the aging of population encompasses an increase in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the normal aging process is not the only culprit behind neurodegeneration. Indeed, scientific advances show us that several factors may increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders in older people, such as gender, poor education, endocrine conditions, inflammation, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, head trauma, depression, infection, tumors, vitamin deficiencies, immune and metabolic conditions, and chemical exposure. Interesting, a common player has been identified in all the previously mentioned conditions: oxidative stress.

Along this line, this Special Issue is mainly devoted to gathering recent knowledge in the field, highlighting the role of oxidative stress in modulating the increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases under the previously described conditions as well as recent advances in the use of mitochondrial-targeted therapies in the quest for a cure against neurodegenerative events.

We invite you to submit your latest research findings or a review article to this Special Issue, which will bring together current research concerning the role of oxidative stress in multiple risk factors boosting the incidence of neurodegenerative events.

Dr. Cristina Carvalho
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases
  • neurodegeneration
  • mitochondrial-targeted therapies
  • aging

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4986 KiB  
Article
Novel NADPH Oxidase-2 Inhibitors as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents
by Matea Juric, Varun Rawat, Radhika Amaradhi, Jacek Zielonka and Thota Ganesh
Antioxidants 2023, 12(9), 1660; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12091660 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2400
Abstract
A family of seven NADPH oxidase enzymes (Nox1-5, Duox1-2) has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory lung diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Here, we report the results of our studies aimed at developing novel brain-permeable Nox2 inhibitors with [...] Read more.
A family of seven NADPH oxidase enzymes (Nox1-5, Duox1-2) has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including inflammatory lung diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Here, we report the results of our studies aimed at developing novel brain-permeable Nox2 inhibitors with potential application as neuroprotective agents. Using cell-based assays, we identified a novel Nox2 inhibitor, TG15-132, that prevents PMA-stimulated oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide) formation upon acute treatment in differentiated HL60 cells. Long-term treatment with TG15-132 attenuates the induction of genes encoding Nox2 subunits, several inflammatory cytokines, and iNOS in differentiated THP-1 cells. Moreover, TG15-132 shows a relatively long plasma half-life (5.6 h) and excellent brain permeability, with a brain-to-plasma ratio (>5-fold) in rodent models. Additionally, TG15-132 does not cause any toxic effects on vital organs or blood biomarkers of toxicity in mice upon chronic dosing for seven days. We propose that TG15-132 may be used as a Nox2 inhibitor and a potential neuroprotective agent, with possible further structural modifications to increase its potency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Oxidative Stress Footprints as the Common Feature)
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17 pages, 2505 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship between Antioxidant Enzymes, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Clinical Profile in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
by Anna Bizoń, Justyna Chojdak-Łukasiewicz, Sławomir Budrewicz, Anna Pokryszko-Dragan and Agnieszka Piwowar
Antioxidants 2023, 12(8), 1638; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081638 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2136
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the extent of alterations in the pro/antioxidant balance in the blood of patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in relation to drug-modified therapy, gender, disability score, and disease duration. 161 patients (67 men and 94 women, aged 24–69 years, [...] Read more.
We aimed to investigate the extent of alterations in the pro/antioxidant balance in the blood of patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in relation to drug-modified therapy, gender, disability score, and disease duration. 161 patients (67 men and 94 women, aged 24–69 years, median 43.0) and 29 healthy individuals (9 men and 20 women, aged 25–68 years, median 41.0) were included in the study. We measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) as well as the concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipid peroxidation parameters (LPO), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAS). The activity of SOD did not show any significant differences between patients with RRMS and the control group in our study. In contrast, significant decreased GPx activity and increased CAT activity was observed in the blood of patients with RRMS compared to the control group. Additionally, the activity of CAT was influenced by gender and the use of disease-modifying therapies. Disease-modifying therapies also affected the concentration of TOS, TAS, and LPO. Our studies indicated that enhancing GPx activity may be more beneficial to providing potential therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating antioxidant defenses to mitigate oxidative stress in this disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Oxidative Stress Footprints as the Common Feature)
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15 pages, 1854 KiB  
Article
Early-Life Exposure to Commercial Formulation Containing Deltamethrin and Cypermethrin Insecticides Impacts Redox System and Induces Unexpected Regional Effects in Rat Offspring Brain
by Fatiha Mekircha, Donatella Fedeli, Cinzia Nasuti, Hadjer Kecies, Rosita Gabbianelli and Laura Bordoni
Antioxidants 2023, 12(5), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12051047 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2036
Abstract
Several studies have shown that the oxidative impact of pesticides is most prevalent in rural environments where they are intensively used. At different levels, pyrethroids are reported to promote neurodegeneration; they share the ability to promote oxidative stress, and to induce mitochondrial impairments, [...] Read more.
Several studies have shown that the oxidative impact of pesticides is most prevalent in rural environments where they are intensively used. At different levels, pyrethroids are reported to promote neurodegeneration; they share the ability to promote oxidative stress, and to induce mitochondrial impairments, α-synuclein overexpression and neuronal cell loss. The present study evaluates the impact of early-life exposure to a commercial formulation containing deltamethrin (DM) and cypermethrin (CYP) at a dose of 1/100 LD50 (1.28 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively). Rats aged 30 days old, treated from the 6th to the 21st day of life, were tested for brain antioxidant activity and α-synuclein levels. Four regions of the brain were analyzed: the striatum, cerebellum, cortex and hippocampus. Our data demonstrated a significant increase in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant levels in the brain regions compared to the controls. Pups exhibited no significant changes in protein carbonyl levels and lipid peroxidation. Striatal α-synuclein expression was significantly reduced in the rats exposed to DM + CYP, while the treatment resulted in a non-significant increase in the other brain areas. These findings indicate unexpected effects of postnatal treatment with the commercial formulation containing DM and CYP on brain redox state and α-synuclein expression, suggesting an adaptive response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Oxidative Stress Footprints as the Common Feature)
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