Oxidative Stress and Immune Regulation in Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 1985

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Medicine Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Interests: respiratory diseases; COPD; asthma; pulmonary fibrosis; oxidative stress; redox balance; mitochondrial dysfunction; immune system; inflammation; pulmonary hypertension; heart failure

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), are characterized by increased oxidative stress, which contributes to the disease process. Exposure to pollutants, smoking, and poor diets are major contributors to oxidative stress. On the other hand, the interplay between oxidative stress and immune regulation plays a central role in the pathophysiology, exacerbation, and progression of these chronic respiratory diseases. Interventions aimed at optimizing these factors can support better disease outcomes; therefore, research aimed at uncovering the mechanisms that trigger oxidative stress and immune dysregulation offers valuable insights into the underlying processes of such diseases. Additionally, lungs cells contain various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses that counteract these pro-oxidant effects or generations. An imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress, which is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of different chronic respiratory diseases. This Special Issue of Antioxidants aims to publish articles that address the pathophysiological mechanisms of various stimuli that lead to oxidative stress and examine all aspects of airway inflammation in chronic respiratory diseases. This knowledge can drive the development of new therapeutic targets and strategies. Original research papers detailing recent discoveries in lung redox biology and inflammation are welcome, along with reviews from experts in this field.

Prof. Dr. María José Calzada
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • chronic respiratory diseases
  • oxidative stress
  • immune regulation
  • airway inflammation
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • pulmonary hypertension

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

36 pages, 848 KB  
Review
Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Hypoxemic Respiratory Diseases and Their Comorbidities: Molecular Insights and Diagnostic Advances in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sleep Apnea
by Jorge Rodríguez-Pérez, Rosa Andreu-Martínez, Roberto Daza, Lucía Fernández-Arroyo, Ana Hernández-García, Elena Díaz-García, Carolina Cubillos-Zapata, Alicia Lozano-Diez, Aythami Morales, Daniel Ramos, Julián Aragonés, Ángel Cogolludo, Luis del Peso, Francisco García-Río and María J. Calzada
Antioxidants 2025, 14(7), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14070839 - 8 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1477
Abstract
In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked, driving disease onset, progression, and comorbidities. Oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways, while chronic inflammation promotes further reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating a vicious cycle leading to airway remodeling, reduced lung [...] Read more.
In chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs), oxidative stress and inflammation are closely linked, driving disease onset, progression, and comorbidities. Oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways, while chronic inflammation promotes further reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating a vicious cycle leading to airway remodeling, reduced lung function, and exacerbations. This review highlights the central roles of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In COPD, chronic hypoxemia associates with emphysema, appearing with disease progression. In OSA, beyond systemic consequences, pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to lung injury as well. Although COPD and OSA are distinct conditions, some patients present with “overlap syndrome”, a term used in this review to describe the coexistence of both. This combination poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. We also examine the role of hypoxia and its transcriptional effects via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. Finally, we explore how artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising tools to improve diagnosis, monitoring, and management of CRDs and may help elucidate mechanistic links between hypoxia, inflammation, and oxidative stress, contributing to more personalized therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Immune Regulation in Respiratory Diseases)
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