Oxidative DNA Damage and Mechanism of Aging in Insects

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 4485

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Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-0962, Sakyo, Japan
Interests: Drosophila; development; DNA repair; oxidative stress; aging
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Dear Colleagues,

Recently, many studies have revealed the molecular mechanism of oxidative DNA damage repair, mainly using cultured mammalian cells and unicellular organisms such as yeast and bacteria. Furthermore, other recent studies have argued a relationship between oxidative DNA damage and a progression of aging; although, the theory that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in internal organs is a major promoter of aging has been considered negatively. However, aging studies using mammalian models take longer to obtain a conclusion. On the contrary, insects have an advantage to studies on oxidative DNA damage at the organism level and the mechanism of aging, due to their rapid growth, shorter lifespan, and lower experimental costs. For example, in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the most advanced genetic techniques that facilitate experimental investigation at cellular and organism levels have been established. In the past, this organism has been used in many studies to investigate the mechanisms of DNA repair. Recent studies have identified Drosophila orthologs of many essential genes for the repair of DNA damage, including oxidative DNA damage, in other organisms. These findings enhance the value of this organism as a model for investigations on DNA damage repair and aging at the organism level.

Therefore, we have planned a Special Issue entitled “Oxidative DNA Damage and Mechanism of Aging in Insects”. Manuscripts that deal with genes and proteins related to oxidative DNA damage repair and a relationship between oxidative DNA damage and aging that appears in insects are required for submission.

Dr. Yosihhiro Inoue
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • DNA repair mechanisms
  • Oxidative stress response
  • Ageing
  • Insects as models for Oxidative DNA Damage and Mechanism of Aging
  • Screening of Antioxidants using Insect models

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 6016 KiB  
Article
Sesamin Activates Nrf2/Cnc-Dependent Transcription in the Absence of Oxidative Stress in Drosophila Adult Brains
by Tuan Dat Le and Yoshihiro H. Inoue
Antioxidants 2021, 10(6), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10060924 - 7 Jun 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3685
Abstract
Sesamin, a major lignin in sesame seeds, possesses health-promoting properties. Sesamin feeding suppresses several aging-related phenotypes such as age-dependent accumulation of damaged proteins in the muscles and neuronal loss in the brains of Drosophila adults with high levels of reactive oxygen species. Sesamin [...] Read more.
Sesamin, a major lignin in sesame seeds, possesses health-promoting properties. Sesamin feeding suppresses several aging-related phenotypes such as age-dependent accumulation of damaged proteins in the muscles and neuronal loss in the brains of Drosophila adults with high levels of reactive oxygen species. Sesamin promotes the transcription of several genes that are responsible for oxidative stress, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that sesamin mediates its action through activation of a transcription factor, Nrf2 (Cnc in Drosophila), essential for anti-aging oxidative stress response. Nrf2/Cnc activation was determined using the antioxidant response element, Green Fluorescence Protein reporter, that can monitor Nrf2/Cnc-dependent transcription. We observed strong fluorescence in the entire bodies, particularly in the abdomens and brains, of adult flies fed sesamin. Interestingly, Nrf2/Cnc was strongly activated in neuronal cells, especially in several neuron types, including glutamatergic and cholinergic, and some dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neurons but not in GABAergic neurons or the mushroom bodies of flies fed sesamin. These results indicate that the anti-aging effects of sesamin are exerted via activation of Nrf2/Cnc-dependent transcription to circumvent oxidative stress accumulation in several types of neurons of adult brains. Sesamin could be explored as a potential dietary supplement for preventing neurodegeneration associated with accumulation of oxidative stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative DNA Damage and Mechanism of Aging in Insects)
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