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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
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Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Aberrant Oxidation of Biomolecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2021) | Viewed by 6809

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Markku Ahotupa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Interests: atherosclerosis; lipid oxidation products; lipoprotein transport; physiology of oxidative stress; physical activity; dietary effects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first indications of the role of oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in atherogenesis were found 40 years ago, and ever since, oxidized LDL has remained in the mainstream of atherosclerosis research. Studies on oxidized LDL have played a key role in elucidating mechanisms of atherosclerosis and helped to understand interrelationships between oxidation, inflammation, and lipoprotein functionality. As a result of years of extensive research, our knowledge of oxidized LDL has expanded, covering data from experimental studies at molecular level to epidemiological investigations on human health. The accumulated data have reported the effects and associations of oxidized LDL with a wide range of biological phenomena and pathological processes. Nonetheless, in many cases, it has remained obscure whether oxidized LDL is an active and specific contributor in the effect or process, or more generally an indicator, or a distributor, of oxidative stress.

Despite the vast number of studies being published, research articles on oxidized LDL are rarely presented collectively. With this Special Issue on “Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)”, we hope to gather together articles reporting on recent and onging research projects and welcome especially those presenting new openings. Your contribution to the Special Issue will help us to bring forth a view of the present state of research in this field.

Dr. Markku Ahotupa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Atherosclerosis 
  • Inflammation 
  • Lipoprotein function 
  • Modified apolipoprotein B 
  • Oxidation 
  • Oxidative modifications 
  • Oxidized phospholipids 
  • Risk factors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1715 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Lipoproteins Oxidation Mechanisms by the Analysis of Lipid Hydroperoxide Isomers
by Shunji Kato, Yusuke Osuka, Saoussane Khalifa, Takashi Obama, Hiroyuki Itabe and Kiyotaka Nakagawa
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1598; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101598 - 12 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2350
Abstract
The continuous formation and accumulation of oxidized lipids (e.g., lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH)) which are present even in plasma lipoproteins of healthy subjects, are ultimately considered to be linked to various diseases. Because lipid peroxidation mechanisms (i.e., radical, singlet oxygen, and enzymatic oxidation) can [...] Read more.
The continuous formation and accumulation of oxidized lipids (e.g., lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH)) which are present even in plasma lipoproteins of healthy subjects, are ultimately considered to be linked to various diseases. Because lipid peroxidation mechanisms (i.e., radical, singlet oxygen, and enzymatic oxidation) can be suppressed by certain proper antioxidants (e.g., radical oxidation is efficiently suppressed by tocopherol), in order to suppress lipid peroxidation successfully, the determination of the peroxidation mechanism involved in the formation of LOOH is deemed crucial. In this study, to determine the peroxidation mechanisms of plasma lipoproteins of healthy subjects, we develop novel analytical methods using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine hydroperoxide (PC 16:0/18:2;OOH) and cholesteryl linoleate hydroperoxide (CE 18:2;OOH) isomers. Using the newly developed methods, these PC 16:0/18:2;OOH and CE 18:2;OOH isomers in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of healthy subjects are analyzed. Consequently, it is found that predominant PC 16:0/18:2;OOH and CE 18:2;OOH isomers in LDL and HDL are PC 16:0/18:2;9OOH, PC 16:0/18:2;13OOH, CE 18:2;9OOH, and CE 18:2;13OOH, which means that PC and CE in LDL and HDL are mainly oxidized by radical and/or enzymatic oxidation. In conclusion, the insights about the oxidation mechanisms shown in this study would be useful for a more effective suppression of oxidative stress in the human organism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL))
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11 pages, 5852 KiB  
Article
Native High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) with Higher Paraoxonase Exerts a Potent Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), While Glycated HDL Lost the Antiviral Activity
by Kyung-Hyun Cho, Jae-Ryong Kim, In-Chul Lee and Hyung-Jun Kwon
Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 209; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020209 - 1 Feb 2021
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 3943
Abstract
Human high-density lipoproteins (HDL) show a broad spectrum of antiviral activity in terms of anti-infection. Although many reports have pointed out a correlation between a lower serum HDL-C and a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and progression, the in vitro antiviral activity of [...] Read more.
Human high-density lipoproteins (HDL) show a broad spectrum of antiviral activity in terms of anti-infection. Although many reports have pointed out a correlation between a lower serum HDL-C and a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and progression, the in vitro antiviral activity of HDL against SARS-CoV-2 has not been reported. HDL functionality, such as antioxidant and anti-infection, can be impaired by oxidation and glycation and a change to pro-inflammatory properties. This study compared the antiviral activity of native HDL with glycated HDL via fructosylation and native low-density lipoproteins (LDL). After 72 h of fructosylation, glycated HDL showed a typical multimerized protein pattern with an elevation of yellowish fluorescence. Glycated HDL showed a smaller particle size with an ambiguous shape and a loss of paraoxonase activity up to 51% compared to native HDL. The phagocytosis of acetylated LDL was accelerated 1.3-fold by glycated HDL than native HDL. Native HDL showed 1.7 times higher cell viability and 3.6 times higher cytopathic effect (CPE) inhibition activity against SARS-CoV-2 than that of glycated HDL under 60 μg/mL (approximately final 2.2 μM) in a Vero E6 cell. Native HDL showed EC50 = 52.1 ± 1.1 μg/mL (approximately final 1.8 μM) for the CPE and CC50 = 79.4 ± 1.5 μg/mL (around 2.8 μM). The selective index (SI) of native HDL was calculated to be 1.52. In conclusion, native HDL shows potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 without cytotoxicity, while the glycation of HDL impairs its antiviral activity. These results may explain why patients with diabetes mellitus or hypertension are more sensitive to a COVID-19 infection and have a higher risk of mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL))
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