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Antioxidants
Special Issues
Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 21789

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Niki L. Reynaert

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Interests: redox signaling; inflammation; epithelial biology; extracellular matrix remodeling; COPD; asthma; lung aging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

COPD is a top-ranking, non-communicable chronic disease with respect to mortality and morbidity, posing an enormous burden on patients and caregivers. Although smoking is established as the main, but not only risk factor, the causes and molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the progressive deterioration of lung function remain to be unraveled, in order to at least accomplish a halt to disease progression by pharmacological interventions. Oxidative stress has since long been considered a disease-driving mechanism, as ample studies have indeed shown oxidant-antioxidant imbalances, with an emphasis on irreversible, damaging oxidations of macromolecules. Yet, anti-oxidants have not been proven effective at reducing a variety of end-points in clinical studies. An aspect that was long overlooked, is the fact that oxidants exert physiological regulatory roles in many cellular processes, in particular through redox-based modifications.  These redox-based modications are part of a complex regulatory network consisting of enzyme systems that produce oxidants in a well-controlled manner, and enzymes that catalyze the oxidation-reductions of specific targets. This Special Issue shares the improved understanding of COPD-related disturbances in redox signaling events, which will help to design antioxidant strategies that are much more specific and effective.

Dr. Niki L. Reynaert
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COPD
  • Oxdative stress
  • Antioxidants
  • Posttanslational modifications
  • Inflammation
  • Remodeling

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 160 KiB  
Editorial
Time to Shift Focus from Oxidative Stress to Redox Regulation in COPD
by Niki L. Reynaert
Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020237 - 26 Jan 2022
Viewed by 1871
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a non-communicable chronic disease that is top-ranking with respect to mortality and morbidity rates, posing an enormous burden on patients, caregivers and societies at large [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Review

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30 pages, 834 KiB  
Review
Redox Dysregulation in Aging and COPD: Role of NOX Enzymes and Implications for Antioxidant Strategies
by Caspar Schiffers, Niki L. Reynaert, Emiel F. M. Wouters and Albert van der Vliet
Antioxidants 2021, 10(11), 1799; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10111799 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4159
Abstract
With a rapidly growing elderly human population, the incidence of age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to rise. It is widely believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in ageing and in age-related disease, and [...] Read more.
With a rapidly growing elderly human population, the incidence of age-related lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to rise. It is widely believed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in ageing and in age-related disease, and approaches of antioxidant supplementation have been touted as useful strategies to mitigate age-related disease progression, although success of such strategies has been very limited to date. Involvement of ROS in ageing is largely attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired adaptive antioxidant responses. NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes represent an important enzyme family that generates ROS in a regulated fashion for purposes of oxidative host defense and redox-based signalling, however, the associations of NOX enzymes with lung ageing or age-related lung disease have to date only been minimally addressed. The present review will focus on our current understanding of the impact of ageing on NOX biology and its consequences for age-related lung disease, particularly COPD, and will also discuss the implications of altered NOX biology for current and future antioxidant-based strategies aimed at treating these diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
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22 pages, 2197 KiB  
Review
Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Akihiko Taniguchi, Mitsuru Tsuge, Nobuaki Miyahara and Hirokazu Tsukahara
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101537 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 7259
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen [...] Read more.
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
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17 pages, 9841 KiB  
Review
Redox Regulation in Aging Lungs and Therapeutic Implications of Antioxidants in COPD
by Hirofumi Kiyokawa, Yuma Hoshino, Kazuhiro Sakaguchi, Shigeo Muro and Junji Yodoi
Antioxidants 2021, 10(9), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10091429 - 7 Sep 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4493
Abstract
Mammals, including humans, are aerobic organisms with a mature respiratory system to intake oxygen as a vital source of cellular energy. Despite the essentiality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of aerobic metabolism for cellular homeostasis, excessive ROS contribute to the development [...] Read more.
Mammals, including humans, are aerobic organisms with a mature respiratory system to intake oxygen as a vital source of cellular energy. Despite the essentiality of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of aerobic metabolism for cellular homeostasis, excessive ROS contribute to the development of a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, including chronic lung diseases such as COPD. In particular, epithelial cells in the respiratory system are directly exposed to and challenged by exogenous ROS, including ozone and cigarette smoke, which results in detrimental oxidative stress in the lungs. In addition, the dysfunction of redox regulation due to cellular aging accelerates COPD pathogenesis, such as inflammation, protease anti-protease imbalance and cellular apoptosis. Therefore, various drugs targeting oxidative stress-associated pathways, such as thioredoxin and N-acetylcysteine, have been developed for COPD treatment to precisely regulate the redox system. In this review, we present the current understanding of the roles of redox regulation in the respiratory system and COPD pathogenesis. We address the insufficiency of current COPD treatment as antioxidants and discuss future directions in COPD therapeutics targeting oxidative stress while avoiding side effects such as tumorigenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
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Other

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8 pages, 440 KiB  
Perspective
Iron-Regulated Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Programmed Cell Death in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
by Kenji Mizumura and Yasuhiro Gon
Antioxidants 2021, 10(10), 1569; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101569 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3303
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. However, the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear. Currently, it is known to involve the loss of alveolar surface area (emphysema) and airway inflammation (bronchitis), primarily due to exposure to [...] Read more.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. However, the pathogenesis of COPD remains unclear. Currently, it is known to involve the loss of alveolar surface area (emphysema) and airway inflammation (bronchitis), primarily due to exposure to cigarette smoke (CS). CS causes epithelial cell death, resulting in pulmonary emphysema. Moreover, CS induces iron accumulation in the mitochondria and cytosol, resulting in programmed cell death. Although apoptosis has long been investigated as the sole form of programmed cell death in COPD, accumulating evidence indicates that a regulated form of necrosis, called necroptosis, and a unique iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death, called ferroptosis, is implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD. Iron metabolism plays a key role in producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), including mitochondrial ROS and lipid peroxidation end-products, and activating both necroptosis and ferroptosis. This review outlines recent studies exploring CS-mediated iron metabolism and ROS production, along with the regulation of programmed cell death in COPD. Elucidating the mechanisms of these pathways may provide novel therapeutic targets for COPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Redox Regulation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
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