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Applied Sciences
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Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials
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Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 16588

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giovanni Bruno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, PD, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; dentistry; dental sleep medicine; dental materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alberto De Stefani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padova, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; dentistry; dental sleep medicine; dental materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Antonio Gracco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; dentistry; dental sleep medicine; dental materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The future of orthodontics and dentistry is significantly influenced by the advent of digital technology and the change in expectations of our patients. A modern approach often requires an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary know-how, the use of digital technologies for treatment planning to enhance the predictability of the execution, and a comprehensive team approach. New technologies can help in reducing the invasiveness of the clinical procedures. These new mini-invasive techniques need a different clinical management of the patients.  New composite and ceramic materials with improved mechanical properties can be used in a very thin thickness to enhance the aesthetic and functional results. Aligners were initially accepted as a means for a less visible dental alignment, but nowadays, their potential is significantly expanding. 

Recent advances in nanotechnology and 3D printing have rapidly spread and manufacturers continuously develop new materials and solutions to provide high-quality dental care with particular attention to the long-term follow-up. Restorative prosthodontics, oral surgery, implants, periodontology, and orthodontics are all involved in this continuing evolution.

This Special Issue focuses on all the recent technology that can enhance the mechanical properties of materials used in all different branches of dentistry. For this purpose, we invite you to submit original research articles and systematic reviews on any of the topics mentioned above.

Thank you in advance for your contribution.

Dr. Giovanni Bruno
Dr. Alberto De Stefani
Dr. Antonio Gracco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5801 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Additional Silane Pre-Treatment on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Resin-Based Composite Post-and-Core Build-Up Material
by Chia-Ying Wu, Keigo Nakamura, Aya Miyashita-Kobayashi, Akiko Haruyama, Yukiko Yokoi, Akihiro Kuroiwa, Nobuo Yoshinari and Atsushi Kameyama
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6637; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156637 - 30 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 759
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional silane treatment on the immediate and aged microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between resin-based composite (RBC) post-and-core build-up material and an RBC CAD/CAM block. Twelve sample blocks (12 mm × 14 mm [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional silane treatment on the immediate and aged microtensile bond strength (µTBS) between resin-based composite (RBC) post-and-core build-up material and an RBC CAD/CAM block. Twelve sample blocks (12 mm × 14 mm × 9 mm) were prepared using RBC post-and-core build-up material and were divided into six groups: Kerr Silane Primer (Sil) + OptiBond eXTRa Universal adhesive (EXA); OptiBond eXTRa Universal Primer (EXP) + EXA; Sil + OptiBond Universal (OBU); OBU; Sil + OptiBond Solo Plus (OSP); and OSP. Each treated sample was luted to a CAD/CAM block using an NX3 Nexus Third-Generation instrument. After storage in 37 °C water for 1 week, microspecimens were fabricated, and μTBS was tested immediately or after further immersion in water at 37 °C for 6 months. The failure mode of each specimen was determined using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. For the immediate groups, no significant difference in µTBS was found between specimens with or without silane treatment for each adhesive (p > 0.05). For the aged groups, silane treatment significantly decreased µTBS for OptiBond eXTRa Universal (p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that additional silane treatment prior to the application of adhesive did not enhance µTBS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)
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10 pages, 566 KiB  
Article
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Aid in the Management of Apical Root Resorption of Impacted Maxillary Canines and Physiologically Erupted Maxillary Canines after Orthodontic Treatment
by Edoardo Bianco, Luca Mirabelli, Michele Basilicata, Giovanni Bruno, Alberto De Stefani, Linda Du and Marcello Maddalone
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 886; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020886 - 19 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1052
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of orthodontic traction, by means of light and controlled forces, on root length in impacted maxillary canines and physiologically erupted maxillary canines. Disinclusion of impacted maxillary canines is a frequent procedure in orthodontics [...] Read more.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of orthodontic traction, by means of light and controlled forces, on root length in impacted maxillary canines and physiologically erupted maxillary canines. Disinclusion of impacted maxillary canines is a frequent procedure in orthodontics due to their higher incidence of impaction. The effects of orthodontic traction, by means of light and controlled forces, can lead to a resorption of the root length in impacted and physiologically erupted teeth. Therefore, apical root resorption is a common phenomenon that must be taken into consideration. Apical root resorption measurements were taken using pre-treatment CBCTs and pre-treatment and post-treatment digital panoramic radiographs of 52 patients who underwent fixed-appliance treatment by using light and controlled orthodontic forces. The experimental group consisted of 26 patients with one impacted maxillary canine. The control group consisted of 26 patients without any impaction. Apical root resorption was calculated from root lengths before and after orthodontic treatment. In the experimental group, impacted canines with incomplete apical formation underwent root elongation, while impacted canines with completed root formation went through apical root resorption. The latter showed a slightly greater apical root resorption (0.2 mm) compared to the control group (95% confidence interval; p = 0.04). The extent of root resorption of impacted canines was significantly higher than that of physiologically erupted ones. However, this differential resorption did not compromise the structural and functional integrity of the involved teeth. The orthodontic treatment performed with light and controlled forces is, therefore, a procedure to be considered acceptable and safe. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)
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20 pages, 12076 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles: Effect of Cerium Precursor to Gelatin Ratio
by Maria Eleni Ioannou, Georgia K. Pouroutzidou, Iason Chatzimentor, Ioannis Tsamesidis, Nikoletta Florini, Ioannis Tsiaoussis, Evgenia Lymperaki, Philomela Komninou and Eleana Kontonasaki
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(4), 2676; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13042676 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4807
Abstract
Hemocompatible nanoparticles with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties for titanium implant surface coatings may eliminate implant failure related to inflammation and bacterial invasion. Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, that belongs to the lanthanide group. It exists in two oxidation states, [...] Read more.
Hemocompatible nanoparticles with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties for titanium implant surface coatings may eliminate implant failure related to inflammation and bacterial invasion. Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element, that belongs to the lanthanide group. It exists in two oxidation states, Ce+3 and Ce+4, which contribute to antioxidant, catalytic, antibacterial, and ROS-scavenging properties. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize ceria nanoparticles and to evaluate their hemocompatibility and ROS scavenging properties. The synthesis of Ce-NPs was performed via the sol-gel method, and five different ratios of cerium precursors to gelatin were evaluated. Their characterization was achieved through FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. Hemocompatibility and ROS analysis were evaluated at different concentrations with human erythrocytes. The morphology and size distribution were certified by TEM and the cubic CeO2 fluorite structure was identified by selected area electron diffraction and high-resolution TEM. The particle size of the lowest Ce concentration presented a mean diameter of 10 nm. At concentrations of <500 μg/mL, no hemolytic effect was observed. At the highest concentrations, no hemolytic behavior was recorded for samples with the highest Ce precursor, which also presented ROS scavenging properties (10–50% reduction in ROS). These properties make those CeO2 NPs unique candidates as nanofillers or nanocoatings with antibacterial properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)
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16 pages, 11706 KiB  
Article
Gummy Smile Improvement during Growth Period Using a Simple Bite Jumping Appliance and High-Pull J-Hook HeadGear: A Case Series Study
by Takuma Sato, Masako Tabuchi, Misuzu Kawaguchi, Takeo Sekiya, Mifumi Takahashi, Ryo Asaoka, Ken Miyazawa and Shigemi Goto
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(23), 12268; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312268 - 30 Nov 2022
Viewed by 5091
Abstract
Purpose: In recent years, a method for improving gummy smiles in adults using an orthodontic anchor screw has been reported, but there is yet to be a treatment for the gummy smiles of those in the growth period. Methods: We improved the gummy [...] Read more.
Purpose: In recent years, a method for improving gummy smiles in adults using an orthodontic anchor screw has been reported, but there is yet to be a treatment for the gummy smiles of those in the growth period. Methods: We improved the gummy smiles of three class II patients with vertical excessive growth of the upper jaw, during their growth period, using a simple bite jumping appliance (SBJA) and a high pull J-hook headgear. Results: It was found that SBJA promoted mandibular growth and the high-pull J-hook headgear inhibited the vertical growth of the maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion: It is suggested that a combined use of high-pull J-hook headgear and SBJA is an effective way of improving gummy smiles in class II patients with vertical excessive growth of the upper jaw during their growth period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)
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Review

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25 pages, 943 KiB  
Review
The Latest Advances in the Use of Nanoparticles in Endodontics
by Żaneta Anna Mierzejewska, Bartłomiej Rusztyn, Kamila Łukaszuk, Jan Borys, Marta Borowska and Bożena Antonowicz
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7912; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177912 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1707
Abstract
Recent decades clearly demonstrate the growing use of nanomaterials in medical practice, and their effectiveness is systematically confirmed by the consequent scientific research. An example of the use of nanomaterials in dentistry is endodontic treatment, which, due to its specificity, is one of [...] Read more.
Recent decades clearly demonstrate the growing use of nanomaterials in medical practice, and their effectiveness is systematically confirmed by the consequent scientific research. An example of the use of nanomaterials in dentistry is endodontic treatment, which, due to its specificity, is one of the most demanding procedures, fraught with numerous challenges, such as difficulties in reaching tooth roots and ineffective cleaning or insufficient sealing of root canals, which may lead to re-infection or damage to adjacent structures. The use of nanomaterials has a positive impact on solving these problems, and the combination of biomaterials with nanometric technology makes endodontic treatment more effective, precise and comfortable for patients, which contributes to improving the quality of dental care. Currently, nanomaterials with a high biocompatibility can be used in endodontics as components of irrigation solutions, for rinsing root canals and as drug carriers for intracanal use. Nanomaterials are also components of sealants filling root canals. However, the latest research shows that reducing the size of materials to the “nano” scale significantly affects their basic physicochemical properties, which leads to increased reactivity and the ability to interact at the molecular level. These unique physicochemical properties, which have contributed to the use of nanomaterials in numerous medical-related solutions, raise concerns and provoke discussions about the safety of their use in direct contact with tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)
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13 pages, 2100 KiB  
Review
Oral Health and Use of Novel Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems in Patients with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease: A Review
by Michele Basilicata, Piergiorgio Grillo, Alvise Tancredi, Adolfo Di Fiore, Patrizio Bollero, Alessandro Stefani and Tommaso Schirinzi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4974; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084974 - 15 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are common age-related diseases responsible for high disability. Disease-modifying treatments for AD and PD are still lacking, but symptomatic therapies are available, although limited by difficult administration and patients’ scarce compliance at [...] Read more.
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are common age-related diseases responsible for high disability. Disease-modifying treatments for AD and PD are still lacking, but symptomatic therapies are available, although limited by difficult administration and patients’ scarce compliance at later disease stages. Transbuccal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) include chemical-physics biotechnologies and mechatronic approaches, allowing drug delivery via the transbuccal route, a strategy that may theoretically overcome the limitations imposed by conventional oral administration. In this review, we provided a snapshot of TDDSs, their mechanism of action, the existing subtypes, and their potential application in PD and AD patients. We found a variety of TDDSs, including tablets, solutions, sprays, patches, and the more sophisticated “mechatronic” IntelliDrug and OraFuse devices using a system of pumps and valves for continuous drug release. Several trials have been conducted either on models or patients to test the safety and efficacy of the antidementia and antiparkinsonian agents delivered by TDDSs, which produced encouraging results that suggest future application on a larger scale. Moreover, oral health has emerged as a fundamental prerequisite for the successful use of TDDSs. Accordingly, greater attention to oral hygiene is now due in patients with neurodegenerative disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovation in Dental and Orthodontic Materials)
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