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Applied Sciences
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Potential Impacts and Risks of Climate Change on Agriculture
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Potential Impacts and Risks of Climate Change on Agriculture

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2125

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Teodoro Semeraro

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Guest Editor
Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET‐URT Lecce), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: landscape, ecology and urban planning; agroecosystems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aurelia Scarano

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Guest Editor
Institute of Science of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Unit of Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: plant biotechnology; food security; crop nutritional quality; agronomic biodiversity; plant adaptation
Dr. Monica De Caroli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: botany; applied plant biology; plant bioactive molecules; cellular and cell wall compartmentalization in model plants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The agroecosystem is the most vulnerable sector to climate change due to its vast size and its sensitivity to meteorological variables, with significant social and economic consequences for human life.

Farmers are facing the impacts of climate change, primarily manifested through shifts in the frequency and severity of extreme meteorological events. These encompass floods, abnormal heat waves, fires, droughts, high temperatures, hailstorms, storm surges, rising sea levels, river-induced floods, saline intrusion into groundwater, altered soil composition, and degradation stemming from flooding. The repercussions on agroecosystems hinge on the intensity and timing of these events and their spatial–temporal combinations. Therefore, many agronomic crop species have to adapt their growth to adverse environmental conditions. Strategies like drought escape and dehydration avoidance lead to drastic morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in plants attempting to survive water stress. However, these adaptive measures have direct adverse impacts on the quantity and quality of ecosystem services provided by agroecosystems for food security, resulting in diminished crop yield and less desirable edible products.

Therefore, this Special Issue aims to collect research articles, project reports, reviews, and other types of manuscripts that focus on risk analysis of climate change on agriculture and promote agricultural adaptative strategies, including novel biotechnologies and agronomic applications, as well as new policies and tools for their diffusion using a bottom-up (from a single applicative case to analyze methodologies) or top-down approach (from research studies to applicative cases).

Dr. Teodoro Semeraro
Dr. Aurelia Scarano
Dr. Monica De Caroli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agroecosystem resilience
  • physiological adaptations of the plants
  • agronomic adaptation
  • ecosystem services
  • biotechnologies
  • agronomic biodiversity
  • water stress
  • food security
  • climate change adaptations

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 647 KiB  
Article
Protection of Oats against Puccinia and Drechslera Fungi in Various Meteorological Conditions
by Jakub Danielewicz, Ewa Jajor, Joanna Horoszkiewicz, Marek Korbas, Andrzej Blecharczyk, Robert Idziak, Łukasz Sobiech, Monika Grzanka and Tomasz Szymański
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7121; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167121 - 14 Aug 2024
Viewed by 503
Abstract
Due to their multi-purpose use and, in many cases, lower requirements and financial outlays for cultivation, oats are an interesting crop. However, fungal diseases may contribute to significant declines in grain yields and quality. The aspects that may potentially influence this matter of [...] Read more.
Due to their multi-purpose use and, in many cases, lower requirements and financial outlays for cultivation, oats are an interesting crop. However, fungal diseases may contribute to significant declines in grain yields and quality. The aspects that may potentially influence this matter of fact include weather conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the severity of diseases caused by fungi in oat cultivation during the vegetation season. The next goal was to assess the efficacy of the selected active ingredients (a.i.) of fungicides from the chemical groups of triazoles and strobilurins in selected diseases’ control under various meteorological conditions. All of the fungicides were applied in the form of a spray treatment to reduce the severity of the diseases in the cultivation of different oat varieties. Husked and naked oat varieties were used. The health status of the oat plants was determined on the basis of a macroscopic evaluation of plants performed in accordance with the proper methodology. Field experiments were carried out under different weather conditions, which varied over the years during which the trials were conducted. Statistically significant differences were found in the reduction in infection for F and F1 leaves with D. avenae and P. coronata in comparison to the control treatment, regardless of the a.i. used. The use of a.i. tebuconazole (250 g/L), a.i. epoxiconazole (125 g/L), a.i. azoxystrobin (250 g/L) and a.i. picoxystrobin (250 g/L) enabled a reduction in the severity of oat helmintosporiosis in all years of the study for all the varieties analyzed. The efficacy was 72.4%, 74.2%, 71.5%, and 73.1%, respectively. Higher efficacy in reducing P. coronata was found in comparison with D. avenae. The obtained research results confirm the satisfactory efficacy of the above-mentioned active substances in reducing the fungi D. avenae and P. coronata. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Impacts and Risks of Climate Change on Agriculture)
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14 pages, 3999 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Agrivoltaic System on Crop Production: The Case of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
by Aurelia Scarano, Teodoro Semeraro, Antonio Calisi, Roberta Aretano, Caterina Rotolo, Marcello S. Lenucci, Angelo Santino, Gabriella Piro and Monica De Caroli
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 3095; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14073095 - 7 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1297
Abstract
Climate change, with rising temperatures, water crises, and an increased frequency of climate disturbances, poses a threat to the ability of agroecosystems to ensure human access to food by affecting both the quantity and quality of crop production. Currently, there is growing knowledge [...] Read more.
Climate change, with rising temperatures, water crises, and an increased frequency of climate disturbances, poses a threat to the ability of agroecosystems to ensure human access to food by affecting both the quantity and quality of crop production. Currently, there is growing knowledge about the fact that agrivoltaic systems may represent a direct strategy to cope with climate change driven by carbon dioxide emissions for energy production, preserving the capacity of agroecosystems to maintain food security. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of environmental conditions generated by photovoltaic (PV) panels for sustaining open-field tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit production under varying water supply regimes. Tomato plants were grown beneath PV panels or in full sunlight. In each scenario, two plots with an equal number of plants were subjected to different irrigation levels: high watering (HW) and low watering (LW). The results showed a lower number of tomato fruit produced grown under the PV panels, with an increased fruit size and water content under a normal water supply. The Brix degrees of the tomato fruits grown under the panel were more comparable to the fruits commercially available on the market than the Brix degree of the fruits grown in open-field sunlight. Thus, our data supported the conclusion that the agrivoltaic system, in the context of climate change with the enduring drought and long-term water scarcity, can be a good adaptation strategy to maintain favorable tomato production compared to the full sunlight conditions. Furthermore, these results can be important for planning breeding programs, since in many cases, the tomato fruits grown in full sunlight were seedless. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Potential Impacts and Risks of Climate Change on Agriculture)
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