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Applied Sciences
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Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications
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Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2018) | Viewed by 19915

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jin U. Kang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Whiting School of Engineering, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2608, USA
Interests: biophotonics; optical sensing and imaging; fiber optic devices and systems
Prof. Dr. Israel Gannot

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
Interests: optical biopsy -optical diagnostic methods in medicine; laser tissue interaction; fibers and waveguides for medical applications; lasers and optics in medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Xuan Liu

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Interests: optical coherence tomography; endoscopic microscopy; fiber optics for biomedical applications; optical image processing; coherent scattering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to the Applied Sciences Special Issue on Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications. This issue contains contributing and invited papers that represent the latest developments in biophotonics technology and sciences for applications in a wide range of therapeutics and surgery. This Special Issue will highlight the trend in light therapy, laser surgery, advanced optical image-guided surgical techniques, and other significant advances in biophotonics technology that enable advanced therapeutics and surgeries. These technologies are being applied in a wide range of clinical fields, including ophthalmology, neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, dermatology, oncology, pediatric surgery, etc. A wide range of advanced optical imaging techniques that provide high-resolution structure images along with their functional information has been developed. These techniques are finding their ways into surgical applications to enable clinicians to perform their surgical tasks precisely and safely. I would like to thank all the contributing authors and hope you find this special issue useful for your own research and development to further advance this exciting and expanding field.

Prof. Dr. Jin U. Kang
Prof. Dr. Israel Gannot
Prof. Dr. Xuan Liu
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 927 KiB  
Article
Using Optical Attenuation Coefficient to Monitor the Efficacy of Fluoride and Nd:YAG Laser to Control Dentine Erosion
by Marcia C. Dias-Moraes, Cassio A. Lima, Anderson Z. Freitas, Ana Cecilia C. Aranha and Denise M. Zezell
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(7), 1485; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9071485 - 9 Apr 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2472
Abstract
The present study evaluated the protective effects that are induced by fluoride and Nd:YAG laser irradiation to control dentine erosion. One hundred and twenty bovine dentine slabs were eroded with citric acid twice a day for a total period of 15 days. At [...] Read more.
The present study evaluated the protective effects that are induced by fluoride and Nd:YAG laser irradiation to control dentine erosion. One hundred and twenty bovine dentine slabs were eroded with citric acid twice a day for a total period of 15 days. At day 10, the samples were randomly assigned into eight groups: C (Control); F (Fluoride); L1 (Nd:YAG laser, 1 W, 100 mJ, 79.5 J·cm−2); L2 (Nd:YAG laser, 0.7 W, 70 mJ, 55.7 J·cm−2); L3 (Nd:YAG laser, 0.5 W, 50 mJ, 39.7 J·cm−2); F + L1; F + L2; and, F + L3. Optical Coherence Tomography images were collected from the surface of the samples in order to monitor the alterations that were induced by erosion and the effectiveness of each treatment using the Optical Attenuation Coefficient (OAC). OAC values that were calculated for samples from groups C, F, L1, L3, FL1, and FL3 indicated no protective effects against the progression of erosive lesions. Samples from L2 and FL2 groups presented OAC values, indicating that laser irradiation under this condition did not induce the formation of craters on dentine tissue and promoted sufficient chemical and morphological changes to avoid the progression of dentine erosion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications)
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9 pages, 1298 KiB  
Article
In Vivo Experimental Study on the Enhancement of Optical Clearing Effect by Laser Irradiation in Conjunction with a Chemical Penetration Enhancer
by Xinyi Liu and Bin Chen
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(3), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030542 - 6 Feb 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3113
Abstract
The penetration of optical clearing agents (OCAs) is restricted by the natural barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, which can be breached by physical and chemical methods to enhance the transcutaneous delivery of OCAs. To breach the barrier function [...] Read more.
The penetration of optical clearing agents (OCAs) is restricted by the natural barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC) of the skin, which can be breached by physical and chemical methods to enhance the transcutaneous delivery of OCAs. To breach the barrier function of SC, we carried out the in vivo experimental study to enhance the optical clearing effect of PEG-400 by laser irradiation in conjunction with a chemical penetration enhancer thiazone. We compared the reflectance spectra of skin without laser irradiation or thiazone. Mono-treatment of thiazone could not significantly enhance the optical clearing efficacy of the skin. After 60 min, the reflectance spectrum decreased by only approximately 10%. With the combined treatment, the reflectance spectrum decreased by approximately 30% after 10 min. Subsequently, the effect of laser dose on the enhancement of optical clearing efficacy was studied. The optimal irradiation dose was determined. The reflectance of skins irradiated by a laser dose at 0.7 J/cm2 decreased by approximately 10% and were 20% lower than those at 0.5 and 0.9 J/cm2. The laser at 0.5 J/cm2 could not damage the SC completely, whereas the laser at 0.9 J/cm2 influenced the epidermis and dermis; thus, the reflectance of skin samples irradiated by 0.9 J/cm2 did not decrease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications)
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13 pages, 10106 KiB  
Article
Cooperative Three-View Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography for Intraoperative Vascular Evaluation
by Shizhao Peng, Yuanzhen Jiang, Kailin Zhang, Chuanchao Wu, Danni Ai, Jian Yang, Yongtian Wang and Yong Huang
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(9), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8091551 - 4 Sep 2018
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3593
Abstract
Real-time intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of blood vessels after anastomosis operation can provide important information the vessel, such as patency, flow speed, and thrombosis morphology. Due to the strong scattering and absorption effect of blood, normal OCT imaging suffers from the [...] Read more.
Real-time intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of blood vessels after anastomosis operation can provide important information the vessel, such as patency, flow speed, and thrombosis morphology. Due to the strong scattering and absorption effect of blood, normal OCT imaging suffers from the problem of incomplete cross-sectional view of the vessel under investigation when the diameter is large. In this work, we present a novel cooperative three-view imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography system for intraoperative exposed vascular imaging. Two more side views (left view and right view) were realized through a customized sample arm optical design and corresponding mechanical design and fabrication, which could generate cross-sectional images from three circumferential view directions to achieve a larger synthetic field of view (FOV). For each view, the imaging depth was 6.7 mm (in air) and the lateral scanning range was designed to be 3 mm. Therefore, a shared synthetic rectangle FOV of 3 mm × 3 mm was achieved through cooperative three view scanning. This multi-view imaging method can meet the circumferential imaging demands of vessels with an outer diameter less than 3 mm. Both phantom tube and rat vessel imaging confirmed the increased system FOV performance. We believe the intraoperative application of this cooperative three-imaging optical coherence tomography for objective vascular anastomosis evaluation can benefit patient outcomes in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications)
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11 pages, 2653 KiB  
Article
Demonstration of Subretinal Injection Using Common-Path Swept Source OCT Guided Microinjector
by Jin U. Kang and Gyeong Woo Cheon
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(8), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081287 - 2 Aug 2018
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4157
Abstract
In this paper, we present the development of a handheld common-path swept source optical coherence tomography (CP-SSOCT) guided microinjector system and demonstrated its utility by precisely injecting fluorescein dye in the subretinal layer of ex vivo bovine eyes. The system enables precise subretinal [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present the development of a handheld common-path swept source optical coherence tomography (CP-SSOCT) guided microinjector system and demonstrated its utility by precisely injecting fluorescein dye in the subretinal layer of ex vivo bovine eyes. The system enables precise subretinal injection with micron-level injection depth control. This was achieved by using a high-resolution CP-SSOCT distal sensor and signal processing using a graphics-processing unit (GPU), which made a real-time smart motion control algorithm possible. The microinjector performance was first evaluated using a gelatin phantom in terms of its ability for dynamic depth targeting and injection depth. This is followed by using an ex vivo bovine eye model to perform multiple consecutive subretinal injections of fluorescein dye. The results validated the OCT guided injector’s ability to precisely guide and lock in the needle tip to the target depth during injection. The ex vivo evaluation tests demonstrate that an OCT-guided injector can consistently guide the injecting needle to the desired depth and is able to maintain the position with 9.38 μm average root mean square error during the injections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications)
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10 pages, 2791 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Optical Coherence Elastography for Robust Stiffness Assessment
by Xuan Liu, Farzana Zaki and Yahui Wang
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(8), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081255 - 30 Jul 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3361
Abstract
We demonstrated the capability of quantitative optical coherence elastography (qOCE) for robust assessment of material stiffness under different boundary conditions using the reaction force and displacement field established in the sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications)
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14 pages, 1339 KiB  
Article
Quantification of Two Fluorophores’ Concentration Ratio in a Mice Model in Preparation for a Proposed Method for Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Osnat Harbater, Margalit Efrati and Israel Gannot
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(5), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8050745 - 8 May 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2727
Abstract
Many biomedical applications require concentration measurements of biological compounds, which may be achieved using targeted fluorescent probes. It has been shown that the ratio between amyloid-Beta and tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a good indicator of incipient Alzheimer’s disease (AD). [...] Read more.
Many biomedical applications require concentration measurements of biological compounds, which may be achieved using targeted fluorescent probes. It has been shown that the ratio between amyloid-Beta and tau protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a good indicator of incipient Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously proposed a method that can accurately estimate the concentration ratio of these two proteins without the need to collect CSF samples: Fluorescent probes are injected to the blood and bind to the CSF biomarkers. A miniature needle with an optical fiber excites the fluorescent probes and collects the fluorescence emission. The concentration ratio between the proteins is estimated, and used for diagnosis of incipient AD. We present here the results of the method’s concentration ratio estimation during trials performed on mice. Miniature tubes containing two fluorescent probes in several concentration ratios were implanted in two locations in the mice: subcutaneously, and deeper in the abdomen. The fluorescent probes were excited and the fluorescence intensity was measured. The concentration ratios were estimated from the fluorescence intensities with an average error of less than 20%. This study is a step towards the demonstration of the method in in vivo studies in mice with markers in the bloodstream/CSF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biophotonics Technology for Therapeutic and Surgical Applications)
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