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Applied Sciences
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Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
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Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 13295

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yong Tang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: CO2-EOR; CO2 storage; application in CCUS
Dr. Jiazheng Qin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
Interests: CO2 capture; CO2 storage; challenge in integrated CCUS
Dr. Yueliang Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Interests: CO2 storage and utilization; CO2 fracturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fengshuang Du

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
Interests: CO2-EOR, CO2 storage, CO2 utilization
Dr. Yang Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Interests: CO2 storage and utilization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) refers to a suite of technologies that can play an important and diverse role in meeting global energy and climate goals. The global demand for CCUS market is mainly driven by growing focus on reducing CO2 emissions, supporting government initiatives, and increasing demand for CO2-EOR techniques.

CCUS schemes can be classified by their capacity and permanence of storage, environmental consequences, and cost of implementation. Any viable system for storing carbon must be effective and cost competitive, stable as long-term storage, and environmentally benign.

The challenges in scaling the industry, as with most industries, lie primarily in the cost of developing and operating the necessary infrastructure. Technical innovation through improved capture technologies and modelling of transport and storage will be important in mitigating these costs. Various scientific, economic, and societal aspects need to be addressed to ensure successful development and implementation of CCUS technologies.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality, original research papers, in the overlapping fields of:

  • CO2 capture (pre-combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, post-combustion, chemical looping combustion, etc.);
  • CO2 utilization (CO2 flooding, CO2-foam flooding, CO2 huff-n-puff, CO2 fracturing, CO2 thickener, etc.);
  • CO2 storage (CO2-water-rock reaction, CO2/hydrocarbon phase behaviors, storage capability prediction, CO2 leakage, etc.);
  • Application in CCUS (CCUS pilot tests, demonstration projects, etc.);
  • Challenge in integrated CCUS technology (implementation strategies, environmental impacts, economics, risk assessment, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Yong Tang
Dr. Jiazheng Qin
Dr. Yueliang Liu
Dr. Fengshuang Du
Dr. Yang Zhao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • CO2 capture
  • CO2-EOR
  • CO2 storage
  • application in CCUS
  • challenge in integrated CCUS

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 2998 KiB  
Article
Potential Benefits of Horizontal Wells for CO2 Injection to Enhance Storage Security and Reduce Leakage Risks
by Marcos Vitor Barbosa Machado, Mojdeh Delshad and Kamy Sepehrnoori
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12830; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312830 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 950
Abstract
This study used numerical simulations of CO2 storage to identify the benefits of horizontal wells for geological carbon storage, such as enhancing CO2 trapped in porous media due to relative permeability and capillary hysteresis. Two injection schemes were tested: one using [...] Read more.
This study used numerical simulations of CO2 storage to identify the benefits of horizontal wells for geological carbon storage, such as enhancing CO2 trapped in porous media due to relative permeability and capillary hysteresis. Two injection schemes were tested: one using a vertical injector and the other employing a horizontal well. The results revealed two main findings. Firstly, the horizontal injection well effectively prevented or minimized CO2 penetration into the caprock across various sensitivity scenarios and over a thousand years of CO2 redistribution. Secondly, horizontal wells provided a safe approach to trapping CO2, increasing its entrapment as a residual phase by up to 19% within the storage site. This, in turn, reduced or prevented any unexpected events associated with CO2 leakage through the caprock. Additionally, the paper proposes a practical method for designing the optimal length of a horizontal well. This method considers a combination of two parameters: the additional CO2 that can be trapped using a horizontal well and the gravity number. In the case of the reservoir model of this study, a horizontal branch with a length of 2000 m was found to be the most effective design in enhancing CO2 entrapment and reducing CO2 buoyancy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
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18 pages, 2194 KiB  
Article
Capture of CO2 Using Mixed Amines and Solvent Regeneration in a Lab-Scale Continuous Bubble-Column Scrubber
by Pao-Chi Chen, Jyun-Hong Jhuang, Ting-Wei Wu, Chen-Yu Yang, Kuo-Yu Wang and Chang-Ming Chen
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7321; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127321 - 20 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1286
Abstract
This study used monoethanolamine (MEA) as an amine-based solvent, which was blended with secondary amines (DIPA), tertiary amines, stereo amines, and piperazine (PZ) to prepare mixed amines at the required concentrations, which were used as the test solvents. To search for the best-mixed [...] Read more.
This study used monoethanolamine (MEA) as an amine-based solvent, which was blended with secondary amines (DIPA), tertiary amines, stereo amines, and piperazine (PZ) to prepare mixed amines at the required concentrations, which were used as the test solvents. To search for the best-mixed amines, a continuous bubble-column scrubber was adopted to explore the performance of mixed solvents presented in this study. The solvent regeneration test was also carried out at different temperatures. The selected factors included the type of mixed amine (A), the ratio of mixed amines (B), the liquid feed flow (C), the gas flow rate (D), the concentration of mixed amines (E), and the liquid temperature (F), each having five levels. Using the Taguchi experimental design, the conventional experimental number could be reduced from 15,625 to 25, saving much time and cost. The absorption efficiency (EF), absorption rate (RA), overall mass-transfer coefficient (KGa), and absorption factor (ϕ) were estimated as the indicators. After the Taguchi analysis, E, D, and C were found to play important roles in the capture of CO2 gas. Verifications of optimum conditions were found to be 100%, 19.96 × 10−4 mole/s·L, 1.2312 1/s, and 0.6891 mol-CO2/L·mol-solvent for EF, RA, KGa, and ϕ, respectively. The evaluated indexes suggested that MEA + PZ was the best-mixed amine, followed by MEA and MEA + DIPA. The solvent regeneration tests for the scrubbed solutions performed at different optimum conditions showed that the heat of the regeneration sequence was in the order of MEA > MEA + PZ > MEA + DIPA with minimum energy required at 110 °C. The individual energy required was also analyzed here. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
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21 pages, 7473 KiB  
Article
The Influencing Factors of CO2 Utilization and Storage Efficiency in Gas Reservoir
by Yulong Luo, Jiazheng Qin, Jianqin Cai and Yong Tang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3419; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063419 - 8 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1505
Abstract
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology is one of the most practical means to meet zero greenhouse gas emission goal of the Paris Agreement and to ensure profitability, which could achieve permanent sequestration of CO2. Due to the cost constraints [...] Read more.
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology is one of the most practical means to meet zero greenhouse gas emission goal of the Paris Agreement and to ensure profitability, which could achieve permanent sequestration of CO2. Due to the cost constraints of CCUS implementation, improving recovery and maximizing storage efficiency have become a critical part of ensuring economic efficiency. This research aims to analyze the effects of key factors on enhancing gas recovery and storage efficiency, combined with the validation of CO2 displacement and storage mechanisms. Therefore, long core experiments and different dimensional simulations were established based on R gas reservoir (one of the actual gas reservoirs in Northeast China), which were designed for sensitivity analyses of different influencing parameters and quantitative analyses of different storage mechanisms during CCUS process. When the conditions (temperature and pressure) were closer to the CO2 critical point, when the following parameters (the CO2 purity, the injection rate and the dip angle) became larger, when the reservoir rhythm was reversed and when the irreducible water was is in existence, the final displacement and storage effects became better because of weaker diffusion, stronger gravity segregation and slower CO2 breakthrough. The contributions of different storage mechanisms were quantified: 83.78% CO2 existed as supercritical fluid; 12.67% CO2 was dissolved in brine; and 3.85% CO2 reacted with minerals. Some supercritical and dissolved CO2 would slowly transform to solid precipitation over time. This work could provide theoretical supports for CCUS technology research and references for CCUS field application. At the same time, countries should further improve CCUS subsidy policies and make concerted efforts to promote the globalization and commercialization of CO2 transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
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14 pages, 3154 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Driving Force of Spatial and Temporal Differentiation of Carbon Storage in Taihang Mountains Based on InVEST Model
by Chengwu Wang, Junjie Luo, Feng Qing, Yong Tang and Yunfei Wang
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10662; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010662 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1937
Abstract
The Taihang Mountains are an important ecological barrier in China, and their ecosystems have good carbon sink capacity. Studying the spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of carbon storage in the Taihang Mountains ecosystem provides decision-making for the construction of “dual carbon” projects [...] Read more.
The Taihang Mountains are an important ecological barrier in China, and their ecosystems have good carbon sink capacity. Studying the spatial-temporal variation characteristics and driving factors of carbon storage in the Taihang Mountains ecosystem provides decision-making for the construction of “dual carbon” projects and the improvement of ecological environment quality in this region. This paper takes the area in the Taihang Mountains as the research area, based on the land use and carbon density data of 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019 of the Taihang Mountains, calculates the carbon storage in the region with the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, explores the main factors affecting the spatial differentiation of carbon storage in this region, and analyzes their driving mechanisms by Geodetector. The results show that: (1) From 2005 to 2019, the land use of the Taihang Mountains changed somewhat. The area of forest and construction land increased slightly, while the area of farmland and grassland decreased. (2) The current carbon storage in the Taihang Mountains ranges from 1472.91 × 106 t to 1478.17 × 106 t (t is the abbreviation of ton), and shows a decreasing trend, which is due to the decrease in forest and the increase in construction land. (3) Slope and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are the main driving factors affecting the spatial variation of carbon storage in the Taihang Mountains ecosystem. Temperature, precipitation, and population density are the secondary factors affecting the spatial variation of carbon storage. (4) The synergy between the driving factors is more potent than the individual factor, which is the most evident between NDVI and slope. This means some areas may have more abundant carbon storage under the combined effect of slope and NDVI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
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Review

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27 pages, 1989 KiB  
Review
A Review of Recent Progress of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) in China
by Jia Yao, Hongdou Han, Yang Yang, Yiming Song and Guihe Li
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1169; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021169 - 15 Jan 2023
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6167
Abstract
The continuous temperature rise has raised global concerns about CO2 emissions. As the country with the largest CO2 emissions, China is facing the challenge of achieving large CO2 emission reductions (or even net-zero CO2 emissions) in a short period. [...] Read more.
The continuous temperature rise has raised global concerns about CO2 emissions. As the country with the largest CO2 emissions, China is facing the challenge of achieving large CO2 emission reductions (or even net-zero CO2 emissions) in a short period. With the strong support and encouragement of the Chinese government, technological breakthroughs and practical applications of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are being aggressively pursued, and some outstanding accomplishments have been realized. Based on the numerous information from a wide variety of sources including publications and news reports only available in Chinese, this paper highlights the latest CCUS progress in China after 2019 by providing an overview of known technologies and typical projects, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Challenges in Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
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