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Environmental Applications of Char Materials: Pyrochar and Hydrochar
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Environmental Applications of Char Materials: Pyrochar and Hydrochar

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 8324

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jorge Paz-Ferreiro

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Guest Editor
Chemical & Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: biochar; soil quality; soil enzymes; soil pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ana Méndez

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Guest Editor
Department of Geological and Mining Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28003 Madrid, Spain
Interests: biochar; carbon materials; pyrolysis; hydrothermal carbonization; hydrometallurgy; urban mining; metal recycling
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Prof. Dr. Gabriel Gascó Guerrero

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Guest Editor
Department of Agricultural Production, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: biochar; growing media; soil pollution; soil remediation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Cícero Célio de Figueiredo

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
Interests: soil health; soil quality; soil organic matter; soil carbon sequestration; biochar
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research in chars is growing exponentially due to the large number of applications, including soil and water applications, fuel, horticultural growing media, building material, and use as a catalyst. Chars are usually obtained from pyrolysis (pyrochar or biochar) or hydrothermal carbonization (hydrochar). Their properties can be modified during or post-pyrolysis in order to engineer it for the applications mentioned before. This Special Issue welcomes submissions on environmental applications for pyrochars and hydrochars.

Dr. Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
Prof. Dr. Ana Méndez
Prof. Dr. Gabriel Gasco
Dr. Cicero de Figueiredo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biochar
  • remediation
  • soil pollution

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Bamboo Biochar and a Nopal-Based Biofertilizer as Improvers of Alkaline Soils with Low Buffer Capacity
by Addi Santiago Cruz-Méndez, Esaú Ortega-Ramírez, Carlos Alexander Lucho-Constantino, Oscar Arce-Cervantes, Gabriela Alejandra Vázquez-Rodríguez, Claudia Coronel-Olivares and Rosa Icela Beltrán-Hernández
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6502; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146502 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3448
Abstract
Alkaline soils with low buffering capacity are susceptible to amendments such as biochar or biofertilizers, which could drastically alter their pH. For that, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low biochar and biofertilizer addition to improve soil characteristics and the [...] Read more.
Alkaline soils with low buffering capacity are susceptible to amendments such as biochar or biofertilizers, which could drastically alter their pH. For that, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low biochar and biofertilizer addition to improve soil characteristics and the use of nutrients to reduce the doses of chemical fertilizer. For that, we measured the initial effect of biochar addition on the soil characteristics. Then, to evaluate the changes produced by biochar and biofertilizer on cultivated soil, we carried out a greenhouse experiment with Physalis ixocarpa for two crop cycles. We also studied the nutrient use efficiency, comparing chemical fertilization at 100% (without biochar) against 50% and 20% with biochar on crop yield, plant height, fruit weight, and root length. Finally, we compared the combination of biochar and biofertilizer with the treatments mentioned earlier. The results showed that after adding 0.2% of bamboo biochar, bulk density (BD) decreased while CEC, as well as OM, Pav, Fe, and Cu contents, increased in the soil. The combination of biochar and biofertilizer improved WHC, Pav, and OM comparing to the soil added with biochar. We found that the bamboo biochar and nopal-based fertilizer are suitable improvers for the studied soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Applications of Char Materials: Pyrochar and Hydrochar)
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17 pages, 3168 KiB  
Article
Application of Biochar Functionalized with Layered Double Hydroxides: Improved Plant Growth Performance after Use as Phosphate Adsorbent
by Jittrera Buates and Tsuyoshi Imai
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(14), 6489; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11146489 - 14 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1909
Abstract
The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar, functionalized with layered double hydroxides, as a fertilizer after its use in phosphate treatment (P-BC-LDHs). It was conducted with several levels of P-BC-LDHs using seed germination and early growth assays [...] Read more.
The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of using biochar, functionalized with layered double hydroxides, as a fertilizer after its use in phosphate treatment (P-BC-LDHs). It was conducted with several levels of P-BC-LDHs using seed germination and early growth assays of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The application of P-BC-LDHs resulted in successful seedling emergence, with an excellent germination capacity of over 96% for all treatments. However, compared to the controls, P-BC-LDHs did not provide favorable seedling traits. In contrast, in the latter experiments, lettuce cultivated under mixtures with P-BC-LDHs, particularly at an application rate of 2.5% (w/w), displayed superior growth quality to those under non-treated conditions. The length of lettuce shoots and roots from this optimal dosage were increased by at least 24% compared to untreated samples. A 17% reduction in biomass yield was observed for the samples from non-supplemented substrates. The nutrient release profiles showed that P-BC-LDHs were capable of slowly supplying phosphorus, thereby increasing the long-term nutrient availability for plants. The findings reported here provide important insights into these materials and confirm that P-BC-LDHs can be used for agricultural purposes after phosphate remediation applications. The results of this study provide constructive information to facilitate the implementation of biochar-based LDH composites for sustainable phosphate removal and recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Applications of Char Materials: Pyrochar and Hydrochar)
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10 pages, 816 KiB  
Article
Effect of Biochar and Hydrochar on Forms of Aluminium in an Acidic Soil
by Jorge Paz-Ferreiro, María Luisa Álvarez-Calvo, Cícero Célio de Figueiredo, Ana-Maria Mendez and Gabriel Gascó
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(21), 7843; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10217843 - 5 Nov 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
Biochars and hydrochars have a significant effect on soil properties linked to fertility or to carbon cycling and have been proposed as an amendment to increase soil productivity, particularly in acidic soils. Phytotoxic forms of aluminium (Al) are relatively abundant in acidic soils [...] Read more.
Biochars and hydrochars have a significant effect on soil properties linked to fertility or to carbon cycling and have been proposed as an amendment to increase soil productivity, particularly in acidic soils. Phytotoxic forms of aluminium (Al) are relatively abundant in acidic soils and, for a long period of time, liming has been used to correct this. Ca(OH)2, a pig manure (PM) and two biochars and two hydrochars prepared from pig manure were studied for their effects on Al fractions. Biochars were prepared at 450 °C (BPC450) and 600 °C (BPC600) and hydrochars were obtained using a pig manure solution (ratio 30:70) that was heated at 200 °C (HPC200) and 240 °C (HPC240). A treatment with an amount of Ca(OH)2 necessary to increase soil pH to the same pH value as the average in the treatments BPC450, BPC600, HPC200, HPC240 and PM was used for comparison. The fractionation of Al was studied, with the liming treatment allowing the differentiation between changes in fractionation driven by pH changes from other mechanisms. In relation to the control, all soil amendments presented high capacity of controlling toxic Al, similar to a traditional liming product (Ca(OH)2) and decreased the exchangeable Al extracted by NH4Cl. Both types of materials (biochars and hydrochars) lead to the formation of an increased number of organo-aluminium complexes (OAC). Biochars lead to the formation of OAC of low to medium stability, while hydrochars promoted the formation of OAC of high stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Applications of Char Materials: Pyrochar and Hydrochar)
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