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Applied Sciences
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Enteric Nervous System in Health and Disease
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Enteric Nervous System in Health and Disease

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2022) | Viewed by 8498

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mária Bagyánszki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
Interests: enteric nervous system; pathological animal models; type 1 diabetes; histology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex division of the peripheral nervous system and regulates a variety of gastrointestinal functions. Even with its local reflex circuits, the ENS can work autonomously, communicating bidirectionally with the central nervous system and other parts of the peripheral nervous system.

Recent data have elucidated that the gut–brain axis has a role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases or neuropsychological disorders. In addition, given the growing evidence showing the key role of the gut microbiota in physiology, the investigation of the microbiota–gut–brain axis provides a new research direction for the study of gastrointestinal and neurological diseases.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight that the pathological alterations of the ENS can cause not only gastrointestinal diseases but more complex disorders. This Special Issue is open for original research articles as well as review articles focusing on several aspects of the physiological and pathological states of ENS. The understanding of these aspects will contribute to the identification of common pathophysiologic features underling gastrointestinal dysfunctions, and for providing further insights for the development of new therapeutic and treatment strategies.

Dr. Mária Bagyánszki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • enteric nervous system
  • enteric neurons
  • enteric glia
  • gut–brain axis
  • microbiota–gut–brain axis
  • neurogastroenterology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 13225 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Neurochemical Signature Alterations in the Enteric Nervous System in Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
by Julia Kicherer, Alicia Weier, Michael Enders, Winfried Neuhuber, Thorsten Heider and Stefanie Kuerten
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 5974; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12125974 (registering DOI) - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1867
Abstract
To date, it has remained unclear whether gastrointestinal symptoms, which are frequently observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), are accompanied by pathology of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Here, the neurotransmitter signature of ENS neurons and morphological alterations of interstitial cells of [...] Read more.
To date, it has remained unclear whether gastrointestinal symptoms, which are frequently observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), are accompanied by pathology of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Here, the neurotransmitter signature of ENS neurons and morphological alterations of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) were studied in patients with MS and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is an animal model of MS. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on colonic whole mounts from mice with EAE and on paraffin-embedded sections of intestinal tissue from patients with MS. Antibodies against neurotransmitters or their enzymes (including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)) were used in conjunction with pan-neuronal markers. In addition, the presence of anoctamin 1 (ANO1)-expressing ICCs was studied. ENS changes were observed in the myenteric plexus, but they were absent in the submucosal plexus of both EAE mice and patients with MS. There was a significant decrease in the percentage of ChAT-positive neurons in EAE mice as opposed to a trend toward an increase in patients with MS. Moreover, while ANO1 expression was decreased in EAE mice, patients with MS displayed a significant increase. Although additional studies are necessary to accomplish an in-depth characterization of ENS alterations in MS, our results imply that such alterations exist and may reveal novel insights into the pathophysiology of MS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric Nervous System in Health and Disease)
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13 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Immediate Insulin Treatment Prevents Diabetes-Induced Gut Region-Specific Increase in the Number of Myenteric Serotonergic Neurons
by Diána Mezei, Nikolett Bódi, Zita Szalai, Zsuzsanna Márton, János Balázs and Mária Bagyánszki
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 5949; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11135949 - 26 Jun 2021
Viewed by 1558
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on the proportion of serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) myenteric neurons, samples were taken from the duodenum, ileum, and colon of diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and control rats 10 weeks after the onset of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Myenteric whole-mount [...] Read more.
To evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia and insulin treatment on the proportion of serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) myenteric neurons, samples were taken from the duodenum, ileum, and colon of diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and control rats 10 weeks after the onset of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Myenteric whole-mount preparations were immunostained with anti-5-HT and pan-neuronal anti-HuCD markers. In controls, the 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons represent a small proportion (~2.5%) of the total neuronal number in the investigated gut segments. The proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons was significantly higher in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and colon (p < 0.0001) of diabetic rats compared to the controls but exhibited a slight increase in the ileum. Immediate insulin treatment resulted in a significantly lower proportion of myenteric 5-HT-IR neurons in each segment (duodenum p < 0.0001; ileum p < 0.01; and colon p < 0.0001) compared to the untreated diabetics. Our study demonstrates that the proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons was enhanced in type 1 diabetes in a region-specific manner. Immediate insulin treatment prevents a higher hyperglycemia-induced amount of 5-HT-IR neurons and restores it to the control level in each investigated gut segment. Despite the low proportion of 5-HT-IR myenteric neurons, hyperglycemia-related changes of these neurons may play a crucial role in gastrointestinal symptoms in type 1 diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric Nervous System in Health and Disease)
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Review

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17 pages, 1453 KiB  
Review
The Enteric Nervous System and the Microenvironment of the Gut: The Translational Aspects of the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis
by Fruzsina Mogor, Tamás Kovács, Zoltan Lohinai and David Dora
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(24), 12000; https://doi.org/10.3390/app112412000 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3864
Abstract
The proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is essential for digestion, absorption and the elimination of waste products. It protects us against pathogens, allergens and toxins, continuously monitoring and regulating the internal environment. The vast majority of these tasks are carried out by [...] Read more.
The proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is essential for digestion, absorption and the elimination of waste products. It protects us against pathogens, allergens and toxins, continuously monitoring and regulating the internal environment. The vast majority of these tasks are carried out by the nervous and immune systems of the gut in close cooperation by constantly adapting to internal and external stimuli, maintaining its homeostasis. In this review, we would like to summarize the most recent findings about the cytoarchitecture and functional microanatomy of the enteric nervous system and the immune microenvironment of the gut highlighting the essential role and inevitable molecular crosstalk between these two highly organized networks. Gut neuroimmunology is a rapidly evolving field and might help us to understand the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease and the systemic consequences of chronic intestinal inflammation. Finally, we also included a brief outlook to present the most recent research depicting the multifaceted role of the gut microbiome, its contribution to the gut-brain axis and human disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enteric Nervous System in Health and Disease)
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